Global Cobalt Supply Chain Database
225 countries · 1998–2019 · 22 years
Gang Liu
Professor
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University
Yangtze River Scholar Chair · Co-editor, Journal of Industrial Ecology
Industrial ecologist working on urban metabolism, global material flows, and resource–environment management. Returned to Peking University as a tenured professor and Yangtze River Scholar Chair after a Ph.D. at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and 14 years working in Norway and Denmark. Recipient of the ISIE Robert A. Laudise Scientist Award and the Environmental Science & Technology James J. Morgan Early Career Scientist Award.
Collaborators
Overview
A relational view of risk in global cobalt supply chain across 22 years (1998–2019). Countries are linked across 6 supply-chain layers (Ore → Material → Product → Use → Waste → Secondary). Supply and demand shocks propagate through the network cascading into “avalanches”, from which systemic fragility (i.e., cruciality) and risk exposure (i.e., vulnerability) of individual states are deducted. The dataset highlights spatial-temporal variation in risk distribution and the interconnected nature of risk against the backdrop of the supply network. We illustrate the dataset from three dimensions: (1) country-level risk profiles; (2) avalanche network structure indicators; (3) fine-grained picture of network community structure.
At a Glance
Network-level structural trend and 2019 country-level fragility — drill deeper in the tabs above.
Network Density Over Time
Avalanche network density, 1998–2019
Top 10 Most Fragile Countries (2019)
By systemic fragility index (frg_state)
Related Research
The source paper and selected work on cobalt & supply-chain systemic risk
Systemic risks and cascading dynamics in the global cobalt supply chain
Ouyang, X., Liu, L., Liu, Q., Chen, W., Wang, C., Pang, X., He, C., & Liu, G.
Supporting Information (this dataset)
Prospecting secondary graphite in end-of-use products and assessing its circular potential
Pauliuk, S., Wang, T., & Müller, D. B.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2013
Mapping the global flow of tungsten to identify key material efficiency and supply security opportunities
Liu, Q., Sun, Y., et al.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2022
Battery technologies and the limits of material substitutability
Zeng, A., Chen, W., Rasmussen, K. D., et al.
Nature Communications, 2022
Mitigation of China's carbon neutrality to global warming
Xu, R., Tong, D., Davis, S. J., et al.
Nature Communications, 2022