Avalanche Network Structural Evolution
Year-by-year structural indicators of the global cobalt avalanche network (1998–2019). Computed over country–layer nodes (Ore / Material / Product / Use / Waste / Secondary) and directed edges connecting risk sources and risk bearers identified through the avalanche process.
Network Size (Nodes)
Number of country–layer nodes participating in the network each year.
Network Size (Edges)
Directed trade edges between country–layer nodes.
Density
Fraction of possible directed edges that exist — higher = more interconnected.
Reciprocity
Share of edges whose reverse also exists — bidirectional trade intensity.
Transitivity (Clustering)
Probability that two neighbors of a node are themselves connected.
Degree Centrality (mean)
Average normalized degree — how central the typical node is.
Eigenvector Centrality (mean)
Average eigenvector centrality — importance weighted by neighbors' importance.
Largest Component — Node Share
Fraction of all nodes in the largest weakly-connected component.
Largest Component — Edge Share
Fraction of all edges inside the largest weakly-connected component.