Comparative Constitutions Project: Characteristics of National Constitutions v5.0比较宪法项目：各国宪法特征 v5.0

The Comparative Constitutions Project codes the characteristics of national constitutions worldwide. The official file is organized as country-years; values are carried forward within a constitutional system until a later constitutional event changes them. This extract retains years with a constitutional system in force and surfaces seven documented binary features: reference to democracy, an amendment procedure, unamendable provisions, lower-chamber representation quotas, an explicit declaration of judicial independence, constitutional recognition of local government, and a right-to-life provision.

比较宪法项目系统编码各国宪法特征。官方文件以国家—年份组织，并在同一宪法体系内将特征值延续至新的宪法事件发生。本提取仅保留宪法体系有效的年份，展示七项有 codebook 明确界定的二元特征：是否提及民主、是否规定修宪程序、是否存在不可修宪条款、下议院代表配额、司法独立的明文声明、地方政府的宪法承认，以及生命权条款。