Dataset Library经典数据集库
A curated, growing collection of established datasets across international relations and political science.一个持续扩充的国际关系/政治学经典数据库精选库。
160 datasets · more added regularly160 个数据集 · 持续更新中
民主、政体与治理
Democracy, Regimes & Governance21 datasetsAuthoritarian Regimes — Wahman, Teorell & Hadenius威权政体类型 — Wahman, Teorell & Hadenius
政体类型与威权主义
A country–year typology of authoritarian regimes, distinguishing three modes of political power maintenance — hereditary succession (monarchy), military force, and popular elections — plus hybrids and minor types (theocracy, civil war, occupation, transitional regimes). ht_regtype is the detailed 20-category regime type; ht_regtype1 is the simplified 7-category version (Monarchy, Military, One party, Multi-party, No-party, Other, Democracy). Human-readable labels are provided in regime_type and regime_type_simple. The panel runs 1972–2014 for 191 countries; ISO3 codes are taken directly from QoG, so historical entities carry their own historical ISO3 codes (e.g. SUN for the USSR, CSK for Czechoslovakia, DDR for East Germany, YUG for Yugoslavia).一套国家—年份的威权政体类型学，依据三种政权维持方式——世袭继承（君主制）、军事力量和民众选举——加以区分，并包含各类混合与次要类型（神权、内战、占领、过渡政权等）。ht_regtype 为详细的 20 类政体类型；ht_regtype1 为简化的 7 类版本（君主制、军事、一党制、多党制、无党制、其他、民主）。对应文字标签见 regime_type 与 regime_type_simple。面板覆盖 1972–2014 年、191 个国家；ISO3 直接取自 QoG，历史政权保留其历史 ISO3 代码（如苏联为 SUN、捷克斯洛伐克为 CSK、东德为 DDR、南斯拉夫为 YUG）。
Explore →查看 →Boix-Miller-Rosato (BMR) Dichotomous DemocracyBoix-Miller-Rosato 二分民主分类数据集 (BMR)
民主与政体测量
The Boix-Miller-Rosato (BMR) dataset provides a dichotomous classification of democracy covering 223 countries from 1800 to 2020. A country is coded as democratic (1) if it meets three criteria: free and fair executive elections, free and fair legislative elections, and a majority of adult men have the right to vote.Boix-Miller-Rosato（BMR）数据集提供二分法民主分类，覆盖 223 个国家和地区，时间跨度自 1800 年至 2020 年。若满足三项标准——行政选举自由公正、立法选举自由公正、以及大多数成年男性拥有投票权——则该国编码为民主政体（1）。
Explore →查看 →Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI)贝塔斯曼转型指数 (BTI)
民主与政体测量
The Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) evaluates the quality of democracy, market economy, and governance in 137 developing and transition countries every two years since 2006. Two composite indices — the Status Index and the Governance Index — are constructed from expert assessments across political transformation, economic transformation, and governance performance.贝塔斯曼转型指数（BTI）自 2006 年起每两年对 137 个发展中国家和转型国家的民主质量、市场经济和治理水平进行评估。国家地位指数和治理指数由政治转型、经济转型和治理绩效的专家评分合成。
Explore →查看 →Democracy-Dictatorship (DD) Revisited — Cheibub, Gandhi & Vreeland民主-独裁分类数据集 (DD/ACLP) — Cheibub, Gandhi & Vreeland
民主与政体测量
The Democracy-Dictatorship (DD) dataset provides a binary classification of political regimes for 202 countries from 1946 to 2008, based on the seminal work by Przeworski et al. and updated by Cheibub, Gandhi & Vreeland. Regimes are classified as democracies if the executive and legislature are directly elected, there is more than one party, and alternation in power has occurred.民主-独裁（DD）数据集基于 Przeworski 等人的开创性工作，由 Cheibub、Gandhi 和 Vreeland 更新，覆盖 202 个国家 1946–2008 年的政体二分类。若行政和立法机关由直选产生、存在多党且发生过权力交替，则归类为民主政体。
Explore →查看 →Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Democracy Index 2024经济学人智库 (EIU) 民主指数 2024
民主指数与政体分类
The EIU Democracy Index scores 167 countries and territories on a 0–10 scale of democracy. The overall score, democracy_index, is the simple average of five category scores — electoral process and pluralism, functioning of government, political participation, political culture, and civil liberties — each also on a 0–10 scale. Each country is assigned a regime classification: Full democracy, Flawed democracy, Hybrid regime, or Authoritarian regime. This is the CURRENT free version only: the 2024 edition, a single-year cross-section (one row per country for 2024). It is not a multi-year time series; earlier editions are not included.经济学人智库 (EIU) 民主指数以 0–10 分制衡量 167 个国家与地区的民主程度。总分 democracy_index 是五个分项的简单平均：选举进程与多元化、政府运作、政治参与、政治文化和公民自由，各分项同样为 0–10 分。每个国家还被归入一种政体类别：完全民主、有缺陷的民主、混合政体或威权政体。本数据集仅包含当前免费版本——2024 年版，为单一年份截面（每个国家一行），并非跨年度的长期面板；早期版本未纳入。
Explore →查看 →Episodes of Regime Transformation (ERT, V-Dem)政体转型事件数据集 (ERT, V-Dem)
民主转型与倒退
The Episodes of Regime Transformation (ERT) dataset identifies distinct episodes of democratization and autocratization across 177 countries from 1900 to the present, built on V-Dem's continuous democracy indices. Each country-year row records the current regime type (closed autocracy, electoral autocracy, electoral democracy, or liberal democracy), the Electoral Democracy Index, and episode-level markers for ongoing democratic or autocratic episodes.政体转型事件数据集（ERT）基于 V-Dem 连续民主指数，识别了 1900 年至今 177 个国家的民主化和威权化事件。每个国家-年份记录当前的政体类型（封闭威权、选举威权、选举民主或自由民主）、选举民主指数，以及正在进行的民主或威权事件标记。
Explore →查看 →Fragile States Index (FSI)脆弱国家指数 (FSI)
治理质量与国家能力
The Fragile States Index (FSI) is an annual ranking of 179 countries based on their levels of stability and the pressures they face. Produced by The Fund for Peace, the index uses a conflict assessment framework (CAST) to measure state fragility across 12 key indicators grouped into four categories: Cohesion (C1–C3), Economic (E1–E3), Political (P1–P3), and Social (S1–S2), plus a Cross-Cutting indicator (X1). Each indicator is scored on a 0–10 scale, yielding a total score from 0 (most stable) to 120 (most fragile).脆弱国家指数 (FSI) 是由和平基金会 (The Fund for Peace) 发布的年度评估，涵盖 179 个国家，衡量其稳定程度和面临的各类压力。该指数使用冲突评估框架 (CAST)，通过 12 个关键指标来衡量国家脆弱性，分为四大类：凝聚力 (C1–C3)、经济 (E1–E3)、政治 (P1–P3) 和社会 (S1–S2)，以及一个跨领域指标 (X1)。每个指标评分范围为 0–10 分，总分从 0（最稳定）到 120（最脆弱）。FSI 基于数百万份文献的内容分析、量化数据及专家评审，被各国政府、国际组织和研究者广泛用于识别冲突风险、追踪脆弱性趋势以及辅助早期预警系统。
Explore →查看 →Freedom in the World — Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses (Freedom House)自由之家《世界自由》— 国家与地区评分及自由状态
公民自由与政治权利
Political Rights (pr) and Civil Liberties (cl) ratings, each on a 1–7 scale where 1 is most free and 7 least free, together with the combined total score (pr + cl, 2–14, lower = freer) and the Freedom House Freedom Status (Free / Partly Free / Not Free). The panel covers survey editions 1973 through 2026 (rating conditions under review from 1972 through 2025) and includes all countries plus a small number of rated territories with standard ISO3 codes.政治权利(pr)与公民自由(cl)评分，各为 1–7 分制（1 最自由、7 最不自由），并附合计得分(total = pr + cl，2–14 分，分数越低越自由)以及自由之家“自由状态”(Free / Partly Free / Not Free)。面板覆盖 1973–2026 年各调查版次（对应审查 1972–2025 年的状况），包含所有国家及少数具备标准 ISO3 代码的受评地区。
Explore →查看 →Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) 2017全球腐败晴雨表 (GCB) 2017
腐败与廉政
The Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) is Transparency International's cross-national survey of public corruption experience and perception. The 9th Edition (2017) covers 119 countries and territories, based on household surveys asking whether people paid bribes in the past year and how they perceive corruption in key institutions.全球腐败晴雨表（GCB）是透明国际开展的跨国公众腐败经历与感知调查。第九版（2017）覆盖 119 个国家和地区，通过入户调查询问民众过去一年是否行贿、以及对关键机构腐败状况的看法。
Explore →查看 →GWF Autocratic Regimes Dataset威权政体类型数据集 (Geddes-Wright-Frantz)
民主与政体测量
The GWF Autocratic Regimes dataset classifies 280 autocratic regime episodes across 110 countries from 1946 to 2010. Each episode records the regime's start and end dates, country, type (monarchy, personal, party, party-personal, military, or hybrid), how it ended, and whether the transition was violent.GWF 威权政体数据集对 110 个国家 1946–2010 年间的 280 个威权政体事件进行编码。每个事件记录政体的起止时间、国家、类型（君主制、个人独裁、一党制、党政混合、军人政权或混合型）、终结方式以及转型是否伴随暴力。
Explore →查看 →Lexical Index of Electoral Democracy (LIED)选举民主词汇指数 (LIED)
选举民主与政治竞争
The Lexical Index of Electoral Democracy (LIED) codes whether a country held competitive multi-party elections each year. The core index, lexical_index, runs 0–6 and aggregates four components: male suffrage, female suffrage, multi-party legislative elections, and whether the executive is elected in competitive elections. The extended index, lexical_index_plus (0–7), additionally incorporates political liberties. Higher values indicate more electoral democracy. The panel covers 1789–2025 for every country-year in the dataset and includes both sovereign and non-sovereign periods; ISO3 codes are derived from Correlates of War country codes, with historical states mapped to their successor ISO3 code.选举民主词汇指数 (LIED) 逐年编码一国是否举行竞争性的多党选举。核心指数 lexical_index 取值 0–6，汇总四个子项：男性普选权、女性普选权、多党议会选举，以及行政长官是否经竞争性选举产生。扩展指数 lexical_index_plus 取值 0–7，额外纳入政治自由。数值越高代表选举民主程度越高。面板覆盖 1789–2025 年数据集中全部国家—年份（含主权与非主权时期）；ISO3 由Correlates of War 国家代码转换而来，历史政权映射到其继承国的 ISO3。
Explore →查看 →Polity5: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions政体特征与转型数据集 (Polity5)
民主与政体测量
The Polity5 dataset is one of the most widely used measures of political regime characteristics in comparative politics and international relations. It covers all independent countries with a population greater than 500,000 from 1800 to 2020, coding the institutional characteristics of governing authority along a spectrum from fully institutionalized autocracies (-10) to fully institutionalized democracies (+10).Polity5 是比较政治学和国际关系领域使用最广泛的政体特征数据集之一。它涵盖 1800 至 2020 年间所有人口超过 50 万的独立国家，对执政权威的制度特征进行编码，范围从完全制度化的威权政体 (-10) 到完全制度化的民主政体 (+10)。数据集提供多个关键指标：polity2（主要综合得分，对过渡期进行了插值处理）、民主得分 (democ, 0–10)、威权得分 (autoc, 0–10)，以及政体持久性 (durable，自上次政体变革以来的年数)。Polity 是研究民主化、民主倒退以及政体类型与冲突、经济增长和国际合作等结果之间关系的基础数据集。
Explore →查看 →Quality of Government (QoG) Standard Dataset — Key Governance Indicators治理质量 (QoG) 标准数据集 — 核心治理指标汇编
治理质量与国家能力
The Quality of Government (QoG) Standard dataset is the most comprehensive cross-national compilation of governance-related indicators, aggregating over 1,800 variables from 100+ sources covering 1946 to the present. This curated subset highlights key indicators across democracy, governance quality, and corruption dimensions.治理质量（QoG）标准数据集是最全面的跨国治理指标汇编，整合了来自 100 多个来源的 1,800 余个变量，时间跨度自 1946 年至今。本精选子集聚焦民主、治理质量和腐败维度的核心指标。
Explore →查看 →REIGN — Rulers, Elections, and Irregular Governance (Election Events)REIGN 选举事件数据集 — 统治者、选举与非正规治理
民主转型与倒退
The REIGN dataset tracks national elections across 190 countries, coding each electoral stage — announcement, vote, delay, or voiding — from 1915 to the present. It records the election type (legislative, executive, or referendum), whether the vote was direct and regular, whether the incumbent won, and whether power changed hands.REIGN 数据集追踪 190 个国家的全国性选举，编码每一个选举阶段——公告、投票、延期或作废——时间跨度自 1915 年至今。它记录选举类型（立法、行政或公投）、投票是否为直接和定期进行、现任者是否获胜以及权力是否更替。
Explore →查看 →2021 Resource Governance Index资源治理指数（RGI）
治理质量与国家能力
The 2021 RGI assessed resource governance in 18 countries, half of which are assessed both on their mining and oil and gas sectors. In total, 28 full sector assessments were conducted. The results and analysis of these country assessments were published throughout the second half of 2021. This workbook presents all of the scores, justifications and links to supporting documentation in one place.2021 版资源治理指数（RGI）对 18 个国家的资源治理水平开展评估，其中半数国家同时完成矿产、油气两个领域的专项测评，本次共计出具 28 份完整行业评估报告。各国的评估结果与分析报告于 2021 年下半年陆续对外发布。本工作簿集中收录全部评分、评分依据以及佐证材料链接。
Explore →查看 →State Capacity Index (Hanson-Sigman)国家能力指数 (Hanson-Sigman)
治理质量与国家能力
The State Capacity Index measures the latent capacity of states across three mutually reinforcing dimensions — extractive, coercive, and administrative — using Bayesian latent variable analysis. Covering 190 countries from 1960 to 2015, it provides a continuous, time-varying estimate of state capacity for comparative political research.国家能力指数通过贝叶斯潜变量分析，衡量国家在三个相互支撑维度——汲取能力、强制能力和行政能力——上的潜在能力水平。覆盖 190 个国家，时间跨度 1960–2015 年，为比较政治研究提供连续、时变的国家能力估计。
Explore →查看 →State Fragility Index (CSP)国家脆弱性指数 (CSP)
治理质量与国家能力
The State Fragility Index (SFI) measures country fragility across four dimensions — security, political, economic, and social — each evaluated on both effectiveness and legitimacy. Covering 167 countries from 1995 onwards, the composite index ranges from 0 (no fragility) to 25 (extreme fragility).国家脆弱性指数（SFI）从安全、政治、经济和社会四个维度衡量国家脆弱性，每个维度评估有效性（effectiveness）和合法性（legitimacy）两方面。覆盖 167 个国家，自 1995 年起逐年更新，综合指数范围为 0（无脆弱性）至 25（极度脆弱）。
Explore →查看 →Corruption Perceptions Index (Transparency International)全球清廉指数 (透明国际 CPI)
腐败与廉政
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public-sector corruption, drawing on 13 expert assessments and business surveys. Scores range from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).全球清廉指数（CPI）基于 13 项专家评估和商业调查，对 180 个国家和地区的公共部门腐败感知水平进行排名。分值范围为 0（高度腐败）至 100（非常清廉）。
Explore →查看 →Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Democracy Indices, v16V-Dem 民主指数 (v2x, v16)
民主与政体测量
The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project provides one of the largest datasets on democracy, coding countries from 1789 to 2025 along multiple principles of democracy. This panel extracts five high-level indices, each scaled 0–1: electoral democracy (v2x_polyarchy), liberal democracy (v2x_libdem), participatory democracy (v2x_partipdem), deliberative democracy (v2x_delibdem), and egalitarian democracy (v2x_egaldem). Each row is a country-year observation. The panel retains 176 modern polities; historical states without a modern ISO3 (e.g., pre-unification German/Italian states, Papal States) are excluded so it joins cleanly to the world map.V-Dem（民主多样性）项目提供了规模最大的民主测量数据集之一，对各国 1789–2025 年按多种民主原则进行编码。本面板提取 5 个高阶民主指数（取值均在 0–1 之间）：选举民主 (v2x_polyarchy)、自由民主 (v2x_libdem)、参与式民主 (v2x_partipdem)、协商民主 (v2x_delibdem)、平等主义民主 (v2x_egaldem)。每行代表一个国家—年。本面板保留 176 个现代政体；无现代 ISO3 的历史政体（如德意志/意大利统一前的各邦国、教宗国）已剔除，以保证面板能干净地与世界地图联接。
Explore →查看 →V-Dem Corruption IndicesV-Dem 腐败指数 (政治/行政/司法/媒体腐败)
腐败与廉政
The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project provides multidimensional and disaggregated measures of democracy. Its corruption indices capture different forms of corruption — executive bribery, public sector corruption, judicial corruption, and media corruption — across 202 countries from 1789 to the present.Varieties of Democracy（V-Dem）项目提供多维度和分解式的民主测量。其腐败指数捕捉不同形式的腐败——行政贿赂、公共部门腐败、司法腐败和媒体腐败——覆盖 202 个国家，时间跨度自 1789 年至今。
Explore →查看 →Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)全球治理指标 (WGI)
治理质量与国家能力
The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project reports aggregate and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries and territories over the period 1996–2022, covering six dimensions of governance: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption.全球治理指标 (WGI) 项目报告了 1996 至 2022 年间超过 200 个国家和地区的六项治理综合指标：话语权与问责、政治稳定与反暴力、政府效能、监管质量、法治、腐败控制。这些指标基于来自 30 多个数据源的数百个底层变量汇总而成，涵盖调查机构、智库、非政府组织、国际组织和私营部门。综合得分以标准正态单位报告，范围约从 -2.5（弱治理）到 2.5（强治理）。WGI 被研究者、政策制定者和分析师广泛用于跨国和跨时期的治理质量比较。
Explore →查看 →选举、政党与代议
Elections, Parties & Representation25 datasetsAfrobarometer (Rounds 2–9, country-level aggregates)非洲晴雨表（第 2–9 轮，国家层面聚合）
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
Afrobarometer is a pan-African, non-partisan survey research network that has measured public attitudes on democracy, governance, the economy and society since 1999. This dataset aggregates the merged Round 2 to Round 9 respondent files to the country level: one row is one country in one survey year, and each indicator is the weighted share of respondents giving a particular answer, using Afrobarometer's within-country weights.非洲晴雨表（Afrobarometer）是覆盖全非洲的无党派调查研究网络，自 1999 年起持续测量公众对民主、治理、经济与社会的态度。本数据集把第 2 至第 9 轮的合并受访者文件聚合到国家层面：一行 = 一个国家在某一调查年，每个指标是使用 Afrobarometer 国内权重计算的加权作答比例。
Explore →查看 →AmericasBarometer / LAPOP (2004–2023, country-level aggregates)美洲晴雨表 / LAPOP（2004–2023，国家层面聚合）
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The AmericasBarometer, run by the LAPOP Lab at Vanderbilt University, is the only survey of democratic public opinion that covers all of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean. This dataset aggregates the 2004–2023 Grand Merge (301,156 respondents, 28 countries, ten survey rounds) to the country level: one row is one country in one fieldwork year.美洲晴雨表（AmericasBarometer）由范德堡大学 LAPOP 实验室主持，是唯一覆盖北美、中美、南美与加勒比全区域的民主公共舆论调查。本数据集把 2004–2023 年合并档（301,156 名受访者、28 个国家、共十轮调查）聚合到国家层面：一行 = 一个国家在某一实地年份。
Explore →查看 →ANES Time Series Cumulative Data FileANES 美国选举研究累计时间序列
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The ANES cumulative time-series file is aggregated to U.S. election years. The hosted output contains party identification, ideological self-placement, candidate thermometer ratings, turnout, age, gender and college-degree summaries; it does not contain respondent records.ANES 累计时间序列按美国选举年聚合。本交付提供党派认同、自由—保守自我定位、民主党/共和党温度计、投票率、年龄、性别和大学学历等摘要，不包含受访者记录。
Explore →查看 →Arab Barometer (Waves II–VIII, country-level aggregates)阿拉伯晴雨表（第 2–8 波，国家层面聚合）
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
Arab Barometer is the longest-running public opinion survey in the Middle East and North Africa, running since 2006. This dataset aggregates the English release files of Waves II through VIII to the country level: one row is one country in one survey year, and each indicator is a weighted country average using the wave's own sampling weights.阿拉伯晴雨表（Arab Barometer）是中东北非地区持续时间最长的公众舆论调查，始于 2006 年。本数据集把第 2 至第 8 波的英文版数据聚合到国家层面：一行 = 一个国家在某一调查年，各指标均使用该波自带的抽样权重计算。
Explore →查看 →Asian Barometer Survey (Waves 1–6, country-level aggregates)亚洲晴雨表调查（第 1–6 波，国家/地区层面聚合）
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The Asian Barometer Survey measures attitudes towards democracy, governance and reform across East, South-East and South Asia. This dataset aggregates every wave currently released to the country level: the Wave 1-5 merged files and the Wave 6 country releases. One row is one economy in one survey year, and each indicator is a weighted share (or mean) computed with that wave's own within-country weights.亚洲晴雨表调查（Asian Barometer Survey）测量东亚、东南亚与南亚公众对民主、治理与改革的态度。本数据集把目前已发布的各波全部聚合到国家/地区层面：第 1–5 波合并档与第 6 波分经济体发布档。一行 = 一个经济体在某一调查年，各指标使用该波自带的国内权重计算。
Explore →查看 →Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES), 1999-2024 Trend File教堂山专家调查（Chapel Hill Expert Survey, CHES）
政党与党纲
CHES is conducted by a research team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Through expert questionnaires, it assesses the positions of European political parties on ideology and policy issues. Each row is one (party, year) evaluation, averaging responses from dozens of country experts on the party's overall left-right stance (lrgen), economic left-right (lrecon), GAL-TAN dimension (galtan), stance on European integration (eu_position), and positions on immigration, environment, deregulation and other specific issues, along with their salience.CHES 由北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校学者团队主持，通过向各国政治学专家进行问卷调查，评估欧洲各国政党在意识形态与具体政策议题上的立场。每一行是一个（政党 × 年份）的专家评估均值，记录该政党在总体左右、经济左右、社会自由—权威（GAL-TAN）维度上的立场，对欧洲一体化的态度，以及移民、环境、去监管等具体议题立场和议题重视度。
Explore →查看 →CLEA Release 18: Lower-Chamber ElectionsCLEA 第18版：下院选举
选举与选举制度
CLEA Release 18 contains lower-chamber election results. This derivative aggregates candidate-level rows to one record per election, preserving the official country, date and election identifier while reporting candidate count, party count, vote totals and seats.CLEA 第18版收录各国下院选举结果。本交付将候选人级原始行聚合为每场选举一条记录，保留官方国家、日期和选举编号，并统计候选人数、政党数、候选人票数总和、最高票数和席位数。
Explore →查看 →Comparative Agendas Project: Official Project-Series-Year-Topic Data比较议程项目：官方项目—系列—年份—主题数据
立法与议会行为
Official CAP raw files are retained by project. Each final row is a project-series-jurisdiction-year-major-topic cell. Counts and shares are calculated only within the same source series and year, so heterogeneous sources such as laws, speeches, media, and manifestos are not pooled. The reproducible build reads portable CSV and XLSX files with usable year/date and CAP major-topic/subtopic fields; original legacy XLS files remain as source evidence but are not converted or aggregated.保留了按项目组织的 CAP 官方原始文件。每行是“项目—来源系列—辖区—年份—大类主题”单元；计数和占比只在同一来源系列、同一年内计算，不将法律、演讲、媒体、宣言等异质材料混合。可复现脚本直接读取具有可用年份/日期和 CAP 大类/子类字段的 CSV 与 XLSX；旧 XLS 原件作为来源证据保留，但不生成转换副本或纳入聚合。
Explore →查看 →Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Integrated Module Dataset比较选举制度研究（CSES）整合模块数据集
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The CSES Integrated Module Dataset combines post-election surveys from 59 polities. This platform extract aggregates the respondent-level data to country-election-year observations for 1996-2021, applying the CSES sample weight (IMD1010_1). It reports weighted turnout, ideological self-placement, party identification, democratic satisfaction, and religiosity; each measure is null when fewer than 30 valid interviews are available.CSES 整合模块数据集汇集 59 个政治体的选后调查。本平台提取将受访者级原始数据按 “国家（政治体）×选举年”加权汇总，覆盖 1996-2021 年，使用 CSES 样本权重 IMD1010_1。展示指标包括自报投票率、左右意识形态、政党认同、民主满意度和宗教性；任一指标在有效访谈少于 30 份时记为 null。
Explore →查看 →European Social Survey cumulative subset欧洲社会调查累计子集
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The ESS cumulative subset is aggregated to country and survey round. The hosted output contains descriptive means for democracy satisfaction, political interest, trust, left-right placement and a turnout percentage, plus respondent counts; it does not contain respondent records.ESS 累计子集按国家和调查轮次聚合。本交付提供民主满意度、政治兴趣、政治人物信任、左右定位均值和最近一次选举投票比例，以及样本数；不包含受访者记录。
Explore →查看 →Standard Eurobarometer, spring rounds 2012–2026 (country aggregates)标准欧盟晴雨表 2012–2026 年历年春季轮（国家层面聚合）
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The Eurobarometer has surveyed public opinion across Europe since 1973. This dataset is a selected subset of that programme, not the whole series: it takes one round per year — the spring round of the Standard Eurobarometer, the one the European Commission publishes as "Standard Eurobarometer NN – Spring YYYY" — for 2012–2026. One row is one country in one year.欧盟晴雨表（Eurobarometer）自 1973 年起持续调查欧洲公众舆论。本数据集是该项目的**选定轮次子集**，不是全序列：每年只取一轮——标准欧盟晴雨表的春季轮，即欧委会对外发布的"Standard Eurobarometer NN – Spring YYYY"——覆盖 2012–2026 年。一行 = 一个国家在某一年。
Explore →查看 →Global Elections Database全球选举数据库
选举与选举制度
Official national lower-house election records from the Global Elections Database. Each row is one election and preserves the source country, year, legislature code, round, total votes and seats, with compact summaries of the party vote/seat columns.全球选举数据库的官方国家级下院选举记录。每行对应一场选举，保留来源国家、年份、立法机构代码、轮次、总票数和总席位，并对党派票数/席位宽表提供紧凑汇总。
Explore →查看 →International IDEA Voter Turnout Database国际 IDEA 选民投票率数据库
选举与选举制度
International IDEA's Voter Turnout Database records national parliamentary, presidential and European Parliament elections worldwide. Each row is an election record, with turnout among registered voters, turnout among the voting-age population where available, and supporting vote and registration totals. The official export is retained unchanged; this file standardizes names, ISO3 codes, years and numeric missing values.国际 IDEA 选民投票率数据库收录全球国家议会、总统及欧洲议会选举。每行是一场选举，提供登记选民投票率、可得时的适龄人口投票率，以及投票总数和登记人数等辅助指标。原始官方导出文件保持不变；本文件仅统一国家名称、ISO3、年份与数值缺失值。
Explore →查看 →IPU Parline: National Parliament and Chamber RegistryIPU Parline：各国议会与议院结构登记表
选举与选举制度
A current chamber-level registry built from the official IPU Parline API. Each row represents one country-chamber as of 29 August 2026 and reports the country and ISO3 code, parliament and chamber names, unicameral/bicameral structure, chamber type, principal designation method, electoral system and subsystem, statutory and current membership, directly elected membership where reported, parliamentary term, latest election date, next expected election date, and operating status. The single API record explicitly marked as an abolished historical chamber (KZ-UC01) is excluded; suspended current chambers remain in the registry and are labelled Suspended. Missing values are retained as null rather than inferred.本数据由 IPU Parline 官方 API 构建为当前议院级登记表。每行代表截至 2026 年 8 月 29 日的一个国家—议院，包含国家及 ISO3、议会和议院名称、单院/两院结构、议院类型、主要产生方式、选举制度及子制度、法定席位、现有成员数、已直接选举成员数（如有）、任期、最近选举日期、预计下次选举日期及运行状态。API 中唯一明确标为已废止的历史议院（KZ-UC01）被排除；暂停运作但仍属当前结构的议院予以保留并标注为 Suspended。源数据缺失值保留为 null，不作推断。
Explore →查看 →ISSP Role of Government I-VISSP 政府角色 I-V
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
ZA4747 harmonizes five ISSP Role of Government surveys. The hosted file contains country-survey-year means for political interest, perceived government power, trust in civil servants, redistribution responsibility and government price control, plus respondent counts; it does not contain respondent records.ZA4747 整合五轮 ISSP 政府角色调查。本交付提供国家×调查年层面的政治兴趣、政府权力感知、公务员信任、再分配责任和政府控制价格等指标均值及样本数，不包含个人受访者记录。
Explore →查看 →Latinobarómetro 2024 country aggregatesLatinobarómetro 2024 国家聚合数据
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The final Latinobarómetro 2024 CSV release is aggregated to country-level weighted summaries. The hosted file contains satisfaction, economic, democracy, trust, ideology, presidential approval, vote-efficacy and election-fairness indicators for 17 participating countries, plus sample counts; it does not contain respondent records.Latinobarómetro 2024 最终 CSV 发布版按国家生成加权摘要。本交付提供生活与经济满意度、民主满意度、信任、左右定位、总统支持、投票效能和选举公平等指标，覆盖 17 个参与国家，并保留样本数；不包含受访者记录。
Explore →查看 →Manifesto Project (MARPOR) — Party Policy Positions政党宣言项目——政党政策立场
政党政策立场
MARPOR codes party election manifestos to measure policy positions. RILE = left-right ideological index. Covers 50+ countries from 1945 onward.政党宣言项目对各国政党竞选纲领逐句编码，测量政党在左右意识形态等维度的政策立场。可用于评估东道国民粹主义和排外政治风险。
Explore →查看 →National Elections Across Democracy and Autocracy (NELDA)民主与威权下的全国选举数据集 (NELDA)
政党与党纲
NELDA records 2,974 national-level elections across 161 countries from 1945 to 2011, covering legislative, executive, and constituent assembly elections across all regime types. Each election is coded on 58 binary indicators capturing whether the opposition was allowed, whether multiple parties competed, whether violence occurred, whether fraud was alleged, and whether international observers were present.NELDA 记录了 1945–2011 年全球 161 个国家的 2,974 场全国性选举，涵盖立法、行政和制宪会议选举，覆盖所有政体类型。每场选举以 58 个二元指标编码，包括是否允许反对派参选、是否为多党选举、是否发生暴力、是否有舞弊指控、是否有国际观察员在场。
Explore →查看 →ParlGov — Party Registry (Parliaments and Governments Database)ParlGov 政党名录（议会与政府数据库）
选举与选举制度
ParlGov is a database of parliaments and governments covering 37 modern democracies (OECD/EU members plus Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, and New Zealand). This registry lists 1,707 political parties, each with its country, party family (e.g. Social democracy, Christian democracy, Conservative, Liberal, Green), and left-right position on a 0–10 scale.ParlGov 是覆盖 37 个现代民主国家（OECD/EU 成员国，以及澳大利亚、加拿大、以色列、日本和新西兰）的议会与政府数据库。本名录登记了 1,707 个政党，每个政党包含所属国家、政党家族（如社会民主党、基督教民主党、保守党、自由党、绿党）以及 0–10 分制的左右立场评分。
Explore →查看 →ParlSpeech V2: Parliamentary Speech ActivityParlSpeech V2：议会发言活动
立法与议会行为
ParlSpeech V2 provides full-text parliamentary speeches and standardised metadata for the principal legislative chamber in nine representative democracies. This hosted derivative aggregates the official corpus by country and calendar year. It excludes raw texts, agenda labels, party labels, individual speakers, and individual speech records.ParlSpeech V2 收录九个代表性民主国家主要立法议院的议会发言全文及标准化元数据。此处仅将官方语料按国家×公历年聚合，不包含全文、议程、党派标签、发言人身份或逐篇发言记录。
Explore →查看 →Party Facts: Core Political PartiesParty Facts：核心政党登记与标识库
政党与党纲
Party Facts links political-party data across source datasets and maintains a core registry of parties worldwide. Each row is one core-party record, identified by a stable Party Facts ID and assigned an ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code. The extract preserves names, known foundation and dissolution years, and a reported parliamentary-election vote share when available.Party Facts 用于连接不同来源的政党数据，并维护全球政党的核心登记库。每一行是一条核心政党记录，具有稳定的 Party Facts 标识符，并配有 ISO 3166-1 三字母国家代码。本提取保留政党名称、已知的成立与解散年份，以及来源在可得时记录的议会选举得票份额。
Explore →查看 →The PopuList: European Populist, Far-Right, Far-Left and Eurosceptic PartiesThe PopuList：欧洲民粹主义、极右、极左与疑欧政党清单
政党与党纲
The PopuList is an expert-coded registry of political parties in Europe. It classifies parties according to whether they are populist, far right, far left, and/or Eurosceptic. The dataset provides party names, country, abbreviations, classification indicators, borderline coding, and links to external party identifiers such as Party Facts, ParlGov, and Manifesto Project IDs.The PopuList 是一个针对欧洲政党的专家编码名录型数据集。它标注各政党是否属于民粹主义、极右、极左以及疑欧政党，并提供政党名称、国家、缩写、分类指标、边界案例标记，以及 Party Facts、ParlGov、Manifesto Project 等外部数据库 ID。
Explore →查看 →V-Party (V-Dem) Party-Level Dataset v2V-Party 政党数据集（V-Party, V-Dem）
政党与党纲
V-Party is the party-level dataset produced by the V-Dem (Varieties of Democracy) Institute. Built on V-Dem's expert-coding infrastructure, it measures the organizational characteristics, ideological positions and commitment to democratic norms of political parties worldwide. Each row is one (party, year) evaluation. Core indicators include the Populism Index (v2xpa_popul, 0-1, built from anti-elite rhetoric and people-centrism), the Anti-Pluralism Index (v2xpa_antiplural, 0-1, built from commitment to pluralism, minority rights, treatment of opposition and rejection of political violence), demonization of opponents, economic and social issue positions, and exclusionary / nationalist orientations.V-Party 是 V-Dem（Varieties of Democracy）研究所发布的政党层面数据集。它在 V-Dem 庞大的专家评分体系基础上，专门测量各国政党的组织特征、意识形态立场与对民主规范的态度，特别关注民粹主义与去民主化倾向。每一行是一个（政党 × 年份）的评估。核心指标包括民粹主义程度（v2xpa_popul，0-1，由反精英言论与人民中心主义构建）、反多元主义（v2xpa_antiplural，0-1，由政治多元主义、少数群体权利、对反对派态度及拒绝政治暴力等指标构建）、对反对派的妖魔化、经济与社会议题立场，以及排外／民族主义取向等多组专家评分。
Explore →查看 →Voteview: US Congress Ideology and Party CompositionVoteview：美国国会议员意识形态与党派构成
立法与议会行为
Voteview provides member-level biographical and NOMINATE ideology estimates for the US Congress. This extract aggregates House and Senate members to one United States observation per two-year Congress, from the 1st Congress onward. President rows in the source export are excluded because they are not members of Congress.Voteview 提供美国国会议员层级的履历信息与 NOMINATE 意识形态估计。本提取将众议院和参议院议员汇总为每届国会一行的美国面板；每届国会通常为两年，自第一届国会起覆盖至今。原始导出中的总统记录不属于国会议员，故已剔除。
Explore →查看 →World Values Survey Time Series: Values and Political Attitudes世界价值观调查时间序列：价值观与政治态度
公众舆论与政治行为(跨国调查)
The World Values Survey Time Series v5.0 combines nationally administered surveys from 1981 to 2022. The official respondent microdata are aggregated here to country-survey years with the supplied WVS weight (S017), so the hosted output contains no individual responses.世界价值观调查时间序列 v5.0 汇集了 1981—2022 年各国实施的全国调查。此处使用官方 WVS 权重 S017，将受访者微观数据聚合为国家×调查年份，因此托管文件不包含任何个人回答。
Explore →查看 →政治制度与比较政治经济
Political Institutions & Comparative Political Economy18 datasetsWorld Bank Business Ready (B-READY) 2025世界银行 2025 年营商环境成熟度评估（B-READY）
政治制度
The Business Ready (B-READY) 2025 is the successor to the Doing Business report, providing a standardized assessment of business regulatory frameworks and their practical implementation across 101 economies. The dataset covers 10 core business topics, each measured under three pillars: regulatory quality, public service infrastructure, and operational efficiency.《营商环境成熟度评估（B-READY）2025》是世界银行替代《营商环境报告》的新一代指数，对全球101个经济体的商事监管规则与落地实效进行标准化评估。数据集覆盖十大经营主题，每个主题下设监管质量、公共服务基础设施、运营效率三大支柱。
Explore →查看 →Capital Control Measures: A New Dataset资本管制措施数据集
财政、税收与央行
Commonly known as the FKRSU dataset, this is a widely used quantitative database on capital controls constructed by Fernández, Klein, Rebucci, Schindler and Uribe. Coded systematically from the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions (AREAER), it provides standardized multi-dimensional measurements of capital account restrictions across economies. With country-year as the unit of observation, the dataset covers over 100 economies from 1995 to 2013. It includes disaggregated inflow and outflow control indices for asset categories including equity, bonds, money market instruments and direct investment, as well as an aggregated overall capital control index.本数据集常简称FKRSU，由Fernández等学者联合构建，是资本管制研究领域广泛使用的量化数据库。数据基于国际货币基金组织《汇率安排与外汇管制年度报告》（AREAER）系统编码生成，对各国资本账户管制措施进行多维度标准化测度。数据集以国家-年份为观测单位，覆盖1995—2013年百余个经济体，包含股权、债券、货币市场、直接投资等资产类别的流入、流出细分管制指数，以及汇总后的资本管制总指数。
Explore →查看 →Comparative Constitutions Project: Characteristics of National Constitutions v5.0比较宪法项目：各国宪法特征 v5.0
政治制度
The Comparative Constitutions Project codes the characteristics of national constitutions worldwide. The official file is organized as country-years; values are carried forward within a constitutional system until a later constitutional event changes them. This extract retains years with a constitutional system in force and surfaces seven documented binary features: reference to democracy, an amendment procedure, unamendable provisions, lower-chamber representation quotas, an explicit declaration of judicial independence, constitutional recognition of local government, and a right-to-life provision.比较宪法项目系统编码各国宪法特征。官方文件以国家—年份组织，并在同一宪法体系内将特征值延续至新的宪法事件发生。本提取仅保留宪法体系有效的年份，展示七项有 codebook 明确界定的二元特征：是否提及民主、是否规定修宪程序、是否存在不可修宪条款、下议院代表配额、司法独立的明文声明、地方政府的宪法承认，以及生命权条款。
Explore →查看 →Central Bank Independence- Extended (CBIE)中央银行独立性指数-扩展版（CBIE）
财政、税收与央行
The Central Bank Independence- Extended (CBIE) index is an index of de jure central bank independence that incorporates and extends previous indices by including new information on central bank financial independence and disclosure for a sample of 155 countries. The index was initially introduced in Romelli (2022) and is obtained based on the codification of central bank statutes.中央银行独立性扩展指数（CBIE）**是衡量法定中央银行独立性的指数。该指数纳入新增的中央银行财务独立性与信息披露相关资料，在既有指数基础上进行拓展，样本覆盖 155 个国家。该指数最早由罗梅利（Romelli，2022）提出，依据各国中央银行法规条文编码整理得出。
Explore →查看 →Chinn-Ito Capital Account Openness (KAOPEN)Chinn-Ito 资本账户开放度指数 (KAOPEN)
财政、税收与央行
KAOPEN is a de jure index of a country's degree of capital-account openness, covering 185 economies from 1970 to 2023. It is built from the binary IMF AREAER indicators on cross-border financial transactions; higher values mean fewer restrictions on capital flows.KAOPEN 是衡量一国资本账户开放程度的法理（de jure）指数，覆盖 1970–2023 年共 185 个经济体。它基于 IMF《汇兑安排与汇兑限制年报》(AREAER) 中关于跨境金融交易的二元指标构建，取值越高代表对资本流动的限制越少。
Explore →查看 →Comparative Political Data Set 1960-2023比较政治数据集1960-2023
政治制度
The Comparative Political Data Set 1960‑2023 (CPDS) is a collection of political and institutional data which have been assembled in the context of the research projects “Die Handlungsspielräume des Nationalstaates” and “Critical junctures. An international comparison” directed by Klaus Armingeon and funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. This data set consists of (mostly) annual data for 36 democratic OECD and/or EU‑member countries for the period of 1960 to 2023. In all countries, political data were collected only for the democratic periods. The data set is suited for cross‑national, longitudinal and pooled time‑series analyses.《比较政治数据集 1960‑2023》（CPDS）是一套政治与制度数据集，由克劳斯・阿明格翁（Klaus Armingeon）主持、瑞士国家科学基金会资助，服务于两项研究项目：“民族国家的行动空间”（*Die Handlungsspielräume des Nationalstaates*）与 “关键节点：一项国际比较”。该数据集覆盖 36 个民主的经合组织及 / 或欧盟成员国，时间跨度 1960‑2023 年，绝大多数为年度面板数据。针对所有国家，仅收集其处于民主时期的政治数据。数据集适用于跨国比较、纵向时序以及混合时间序列分析。
Explore →查看 →Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset比较社会福利权益数据集
福利国家与社会政策
This data set provides systematic data on institutional features of social insurance programs in 33 countries spanning much of the post‐war period. Its purpose is to provide an essential complement to program spending data that is available from international sources like the OECD’s Social Expenditure Database. 这个数据集提供了关于33个国家社会保险项目制度特征的系统数据，涵盖了战后大部分时期。它的目的是为来自像OECD社会支出数据库等国际来源的项目支出数据提供一个重要的补充。
Explore →查看 →Comparative Welfare States Data Set, 2020比较福利国家数据集，2020
福利国家与社会政策
The dataset is compiled by David Brady, Evelyne Huber, and John D. Stephens. Most variables now have data up to 2016 or 2017. The data cover earnings and income distribution, social spending and welfare state institutions, labor force and labor market institutions, demographic data, macroeconomic data, research and development spending, product market regulation, and political variables like voter turnout and partisan distribution of votes, seats, and cabinet share. They are available for 22 post-industrial countries and go back to 1960 when possible.该数据集由戴维・布雷迪、伊芙琳・于贝尔与约翰・D・斯蒂芬斯编制。绝大多数变量的数据更新至 2016 年或 2017 年。数据集涵盖收入与收益分配、社会支出及福利国家制度、劳动力与劳动力市场制度、人口统计数据、宏观经济数据、研发支出、产品市场监管，以及选民投票率、选票党派分布、议会席位占比、内阁席位份额等政治变量。数据集覆盖 22 个后工业化国家，部分指标时间序列最早可追溯至 1960 年。
Explore →查看 →Constitute: Current Constitutional Systems RegistryConstitute：现行宪制体系登记库
政治制度
Constitute publishes open linked-data metadata about constitutions and constitutional events. This registry keeps one row for each constitutional system whose official metadata has no system-end year, selecting that system's most recent recorded event. It records country, region, system start, enactment and latest-event years, document metadata, and language.Constitute 公开宪法及宪法事件的开放关联数据元数据。本登记库对官方元数据中未标记体系结束年份的每一项宪制体系保留一行，并选取该体系记录的最近一次事件。它记录国家、地区、宪制体系起始时间、制定与最近事件年份、文档元数据和语言。
Explore →查看 →Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023政治制度数据库 (DPI) 2023
政治制度
The Database of Political Institutions (DPI) 2023 compiles cross-national data on the structure and performance of political institutions for about 180 countries, 1975-2023. Each row is a country-year. This extract surfaces eight core governance indicators: checks and balances (CHECKS, number of veto players), government stability (STABS, based on veto-player turnover), party-system polarization (POLARIZ, 0-1), the Herfindahl concentration of government (HERFGOV) and opposition (HERFOPP) legislative seat shares, legislative fractionalization (FRAC, effective number of parties), and two electoral-system dummies (PR, plurality). Source missing code -999 is coded as null. Definitions per Cruz, Keefer, Scartascini & Simpser (2025), DPI Codebook.政治制度数据库（DPI）2023 版收录约 180 个国家、1975-2023 年的政治制度结构与绩效跨国数据，每行代表一个国家-年。本提取保留八项核心治理指标：制衡程度（CHECKS，否决者数量）、政府稳定性（STABS，基于否决者更替）、政党体系极化（POLARIZ，0-1）、政府与反对派席位份额的赫芬达尔集中度（HERFGOV / HERFOPP）、立法碎片度（FRAC，有效政党数），以及两个选举制度哑变量（PR 比例代表制、pluralty 多数制）。源数据缺失码 -999 已转为 null。定义参见 Cruz, Keefer, Scartascini & Simpser (2025) DPI Codebook。
Explore →查看 →Exchange rate regime classification, monthly, 1946 - 2019汇率制度分类，月度数据，1946-2019
财政、税收与央行
Compiled by Ilzetzki, Reinhart, and Rogoff (2019) and updated to 2019, this monthly panel database provides authoritative de facto exchange rate regime classifications across global economies from 1946 to 2019. Distinct from official de jure classification standards, it adopts two-tier fine and coarse classification systems to categorize currency regimes, covering hard pegs, soft pegs, managed floats, free floats, high-inflation free-falling regimes, and dual exchange rate arrangements. The dataset further records anchor currency types and capital control conditions, effectively correcting deviations between stated exchange rate policies and actual market practices, and has become the mainstream empirical dataset for international macroeconomics and exchange rate regime research.本数据库由Ilzetzki、Reinhart与Rogoff（2019）构建并更新至2019年，涵盖1946–2019年全球经济体的月度实际汇率制度分类数据。区别于官方名义汇率制度统计，数据库采用精细、粗放双层分类标准，划分出硬钉住、软钉住、管理浮动、自由浮动、高通胀自由坠落及双重汇率制度六大类别，同时收录锚定货币类型与资本管制状态核心指标。该数据精准修正了各国汇率政策声明与实际运行的偏差，是国际宏观经济、汇率制度相关实证研究的主流权威数据源。
Explore →查看 →ICTD/UNU-WIDER Government Revenue Dataset (GRD)ICTD/UNU-WIDER 政府财政收入数据集 (GRD)
财政、税收与央行
The UNU-WIDER Government Revenue Dataset (GRD) provides the most complete cross-country panel of government revenue and tax statistics, covering approximately 196 countries from 1980 to the present. Data are compiled from OECD Revenue Statistics, IMF Government Finance Statistics, and IMF Article IV Staff Reports, with careful harmonization across sources.UNU-WIDER 政府财政收入数据集（GRD）提供了最完整的跨国财政收入与税收统计面板数据，覆盖约 196 个国家，时间跨度自 1980 年至今。数据整合自 OECD 收入统计、IMF 政府财政统计和 IMF 第四条磋商报告，经过审慎的跨来源协调。
Explore →查看 →IMF AREAER Annual Changes Index (ACI)IMF AREAER 资本管制年度变化指标
财政、税收与央行
This panel reorganizes the IMF AREAER ACI Report by Country into one row per economy-year. It retains six published aggregate measures covering easing, tightening, and net changes in controls on capital inflows and outflows; the hundreds of granular Data Query categories are not reproduced in the page. Values describe annual regulatory changes, not a stock index of restrictions. Core coverage runs through 2023; 2024 is retained as a partial extension. The joint reporting entity Curaçao and Sint Maarten is excluded because it has no single ISO3.本面板将 IMF AREAER 的 ACI Report by Country 整理为一行一个经济体-年份，保留资本流入与流出管制的放松、收紧和净变化六项官方汇总指标。页面未纳入 Data Query 导出中的数百个细分类别；这些数值反映年度监管变化，而不是某年管制存量水平。核心覆盖期截至 2023 年，2024 年作为部分扩展保留；联合报告实体Curaçao and Sint Maarten 因无单一 ISO3 而从正式面板排除，并另存审计记录。
Explore →查看 →Luxembourg Income Study Database (LIS) - Key Figures卢森堡收入研究数据库（LIS）——关键指标
不平等与再分配
The Luxembourg Income Study Database (LIS) is the largest available income database of harmonised microdata collected from 52 countries in Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australasia spanning five decades.The Inequality and Poverty Key Figures, constructed for all LIS datasets in all waves, include multiple national-level measures: on inequality measures: Gini, Atkinson coefficients, and percentile ratios on relative poverty rates for various demographic groups median and mean of disposable household income卢森堡收入研究数据库（LIS）是现有规模最大的收入数据库，包含来自欧洲、北美、拉丁美洲、非洲、亚洲及澳大拉西亚52个国家的统一处理微观数据，时间跨度长达五十年。为所有轮次中全部LIS数据集构建的不平等与贫困关键指标，涵盖多项国家级衡量指标：关于不平等指标，包括基尼系数、阿特金森系数和百分位比；关于不同人口群体的相对贫困率，以及可支配家庭收入的中位数和均值。
Explore →查看 →The Political Constraint Index (POLCON) Dataset政治约束指数（POLCON）数据集
政治制度
Developed by Witold J. Henisz and Bennet A. Zelner (2025 release), the POLCON dataset is a widely‑used cross‑national time‑series dataset for institutional political‑risk research. Drawing on veto‑player theory, it measures institutional barriers to unilateral policy change with scores ranging from 0 to 1, where higher values mean stronger checks and more credible policy commitments. Covering countries from 1800‑2025, it provides composite constraint indices together with underlying institutional variables to support comparative and longitudinal analysis.政治约束指数（POLCON）数据集由 Witold J. Henisz、Bennet A. Zelner 开发（2025 版），是政治风险研究中常用的跨国时序数据集。基于否决玩家理论，数据集测算单方面修改政策的制度阻力，指数取值 0‑1，分数越高代表制度制衡越强、政策承诺可信度越高。数据覆盖 1800‑2025 年多国年度观测，提供综合约束指标及配套制度变量，支持跨国比较与长时序分析。
Explore →查看 →Ross-Mahdavi Oil and Gas DatasetRoss-Mahdavi石油天然气数据
财政、税收与央行
This panel dataset measures country-level oil and gas production, benchmark prices, production value, exports and net exports across the world. The unit of observation is country-year.本面板数据集衡量各国油气产量、基准价格、生产产值、出口与净出口，观测单位为国家-年份。
Explore →查看 →Social Expenditure Database (SOCX)社会支出数据库（SOCX）
福利国家与社会政策
The OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX) has been developed in order to monitor changes in social policy across OECD countries over time. It includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and private social expenditure at programme level as well as net social spending indicators. It covers all 38 OECD countries as well as selected accession countries.经合组织社会支出数据库（SOCX）的建立，旨在跟踪各经合组织成员国社会政策随时间发生的变化。该数据库包含方案层面上可靠、具备国际可比性的公共及私人社会支出统计数据，同时提供净社会支出指标。数据库覆盖全部 38 个经合组织成员国，以及部分候选加入国。
Explore →查看 →Standardized World Income Inequality Database标准化世界收入不平等数据库
不平等与再分配
Developed by Frederick Solt, the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID, Version 9.92) synthesizes multiple authoritative income‑distribution sources and takes the Luxembourg Income Study as the benchmark. Maximizing cross‑country and cross‑temporal comparability while ensuring broad coverage, it provides standardized Gini coefficients for market (pre‑tax, pre‑transfer) and disposable (post‑tax, post‑transfer) income, alongside absolute and relative redistribution indicators for 199 economies dating back to 1960. Widely used in cross‑national social‑science research, it supplies datasets compatible with Stata and R for quantitative empirical analysis.标准化世界收入不平等数据库（SWIID，9.92 版）由 Frederick Solt 构建，整合多方权威收入分配数据源并以卢森堡收入研究作为参照基准。该数据库在实现广泛样本覆盖的同时最大限度提升跨国、跨时期数据可比性，提供 199 个经济体自 1960 年以来标准化的市场收入（税前转移前）、可支配收入（税后转移后）基尼系数，以及绝对再分配、相对再分配指标，被广泛应用于跨国社会科学研究，提供适配 Stata 与 R 格式的数据供实证定量分析使用。
Explore →查看 →国际冲突与安全
International Conflict & Security28 datasetsArmed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)武装冲突地点与事件数据项目
武装冲突与政治暴力
ACLED codes global political violence and protest events in real-time from news and reports. This country-year summary aggregates events by country and year for trend analysis. Used for conflict exposure assessment near overseas project sites.ACLED从新闻和报告中实时编码全球政治暴力与抗议事件。此为国家—年份汇总数据，用于趋势分析和热点监测。可用于海外项目所在地冲突暴露评估和安全态势监测。
Explore →查看 →Nuclear Proliferation Behavior Codings (Bleek 2017)核扩散行为编码（Bleek 2017）
军事能力与军备
Bleek (2017) did not release a separate machine-readable dataset. The structured data hosted here are a faithful project transcription of Table 1, "Proliferation Behavior Over Time." In August 2026, the author confirmed by email that no machine-readable version currently exists, that the published codings have not been updated, and suggested creating a file directly from the published table. The registry contains one row per country, proliferation stage, and published time spell; Explore, Pursue, and Acquire remain separate overlapping stages. This is not an author-provided dataset or official CSV.Bleek（2017）未另行发布机器可读数据文件。本项目依据论文 Table 1 “Proliferation Behavior Over Time” 对公开编码进行忠实转录并生成结构化数据。作者于2026年8月邮件确认，目前没有可分享的机器可读版本，也尚未更新已发表编码，并建议直接依据论文表格创建机器可读文件。本 registry 每行对应一个国家、一个扩散阶段和一个已发表时间 spell；Explore、Pursue 与 Acquire 保持为可重叠的独立阶段。这不是作者提供的数据集或官方 CSV。
Explore →查看 →Correlates of War National Material Capabilities (NMC v7)战争相关因素国家物质能力数据（NMC v7）
军事能力与军备
The Correlates of War National Material Capabilities dataset measures state capabilities annually from 1816 to 2022. Each row is a state-year and contains military expenditure and personnel, iron and steel production, primary energy consumption, total and urban population, and the Composite Index of National Capability (CINC). Historical entities and predecessor-state periods—including Yugoslavia, the pre-1992 Russia/USSR series, Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany, North and South Yemen, and pre-unification Vietnam—retain their original entity, state abbreviation, and COW code but have null current-map ISO3 values.战争相关因素项目的国家物质能力数据按年衡量 1816—2022 年各国能力。每行是一个 state-year，包含军费、军人数量、钢铁产量、一次能源消费、总人口、城市人口和综合国力指数 CINC。Yugoslavia、1992 年前的 Russia/USSR 序列、Czechoslovakia、东德和西德、南北也门及统一前越南等历史实体或前身时期保留原始实体名、state abbreviation 与 COW code，但当前地图 ISO3 留空。
Explore →查看 →COW War & Militarized Interstate Disputes (Dyadic MID)COW 国家间战争与军事化国家间争端（双边 MID）
战争与武装冲突
This hosted dataset prepares the Correlates of War dyadic Militarized Interstate Disputes data for interactive network visualization. Each row is an initiator-to-target dyad-year for a militarized dispute between states, covering the included file's 1816-2014 span. The original dyadic MID file is directed and lists both orientations of each dyad; this hosted version keeps the dyad-role orientation from source to target to avoid double-counting in the network.本数据集将 Correlates of War 的双边军事化国家间争端数据整理为可视化平台可读取的双边网络格式。每一行代表某一年中一个“发起/施压方 -> 目标方”的国家双边争端观测，原始文件覆盖 1816-2014 年。原始 dyadic MID 文件会为同一双边关系列出正反两个方向；本清洗版本保留 dyad role 中的发起方到目标方方向，以避免网络图和配对表重复计数。
Explore →查看 →Doyle–Sambanis Making War and Building Peace DataDoyle–Sambanis《战争与和平建设》数据
维和、冲突管理与和平协定
This is the case-level replication dataset for Doyle and Sambanis's Making War and Building Peace. Each row is one civil-war or post-conflict case, with war timing, conflict identity, war type, peace duration and failure measures, treaty variables, UN mandate and peace-operation indicators, troops, deaths, displacement, and outcomes. The master file contains 151 cases in 77 countries, with wars beginning from 1944 to 2000 and recorded endings through 2002. Bootstrap result files in the replication package are not treated as observations.本数据是 Doyle 与 Sambanis《战争与和平建设》的 case-level replication dataset。每行是一宗内战或战后案例，记录战争时间、冲突名称、战争类型、和平持续期与失败指标、条约、联合国授权与维和行动、部队、死亡、流离失所和结果。主文件含 77 个国家的 151 个案例，战争开始年份为 1944—2000 年，记录的结束年份延伸至 2002 年。replication package 中的 bootstrap 结果文件不作为观测。
Explore →查看 →The Ethnic Power Relations (EPR) Core Dataset 2021民族权力关系（EPR）核心数据集 2021
内战、族群与一方暴力
The EPR Core Dataset 2021 is an updated and extended version of the Ethnic Power Relations (EPR-ETH) dataset Version 2, covering the time period from 1946 to 2021. It provides annual data on politically relevant ethnic groups, their relative sizes as a share of the total population, and their access to executive state power in all countries of the world with a population of at least 250,000 and where ethnicity has been politicized.《2021 版族群权力关系核心数据集》是**族群权力关系数据集第二版（EPR‑ETH V2）** 的更新扩展版本，时间跨度为 1946‑2021 年。该数据集提供全球各国的年度数据，研究对象为具有政治影响力的族群，包含族群占总人口的相对规模，以及各族群对国家行政权力的获取情况；样本国家要求人口不少于 25 万，且族群问题已政治化。
Explore →查看 →Data on civil wars and internal conflict from 1945-19991945-1999年的内战和内部冲突数据集
内战、族群与一方暴力
This is a country‑year panel dataset covering 161 states from 1945‑1999, including civil war onset, per‑capita income, population, mountainous terrain share. It tests links between ethnic diversity, state capacity and civil conflict.这是一个国家‑年份面板数据集，覆盖1945‑1999年161个国家，包含内战爆发、人均收入、人口、山地地形占比，用于检验族群多样性、国家能力与国内武装冲突之间的关系。
Explore →查看 →Global Terrorism Database (GTD)全球恐怖主义数据库
恐怖主义与极端主义
GTD is the most comprehensive open database of global terrorism incidents (1970-present, 1993 missing). 200,000+ events coded for attack type, target, weapons, casualties. This aggregated version groups events by country, year and attack type (event counts, fatalities, injuries).全球恐怖主义数据库由马里兰大学维护，收录1970年至今全球20万+起恐怖袭击事件，编码攻击类型、目标、武器、伤亡等百余字段。可用于量化东道国恐怖主义风险。 此版本按国家、年份和袭击类型进行聚合统计（含事件数、死亡人数、受伤人数）。
Explore →查看 →ICEWS Annual Coded Event FlowsICEWS 年度编码事件流
政治暴力事件流(自动编码)
ICEWS automatically codes source-action-target interactions from news reporting using the CAMEO event taxonomy. The preserved official raw stream contains micro-level events for every year from 1995 through 2022 and partial 2023 releases through April 10, 2023. The full raw scan shows that Event ID alone is reused across annual years; the minimal stable event identity is therefore Event ID plus Event Date. Release deduplication and revision handling occur only within that composite identity. Each hosted row is a country-year aggregate, not a micro-level event: event_count counts unique composite event identities; conflict counts use CAMEO roots 10-20; material conflict uses roots 15-20; and mean_intensity averages the official -10 to +10 Intensity field. The 2023 rows cover only January through April 10 and are explicitly marked incomplete; maps and rankings therefore default to the last complete year, 2022.ICEWS 使用 CAMEO 事件分类从新闻报道中自动编码“来源行为体—行动—目标行为体”互动。保留的官方微观事件流完整覆盖 1995—2022 年，并包含截至 2023 年 4 月 10 日的 2023 年部分发布。全量 raw 检查表明 Event ID 会在不同年度重复使用，因此最小稳定事件身份采用 Event ID 与 Event Date 的组合；release 去重与修订处理只在相同复合身份内部进行。网站数据每行是国家—年度汇总，而非微观事件：event_count 统计唯一复合事件身份；冲突事件采用 CAMEO 根代码 10—20，物质冲突采用 15—20，mean_intensity 为官方 −10 至 +10 Intensity 的平均值。2023 年仅覆盖 1 月至 4 月 10 日并明确标记为不完整，因此地图和排名默认展示最后一个完整年度 2022 年。
Explore →查看 →The International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Version 16 datasets - Actor-Level国际危机行为（ICB）16版数据集——行为体层级
争端、危机与领土
The most recent versions of the primary ICB data sets (Version 16) contain information for all crises occurring during the 1918-2021 period. The datasets include information on 512 international crises, 1,131 crisis actors, and 1,000 crisis dyads. There are 39 protracted conflicts.ICB2 actor‑level dataset: one row = one state‑actor participating in an international crisis. One multi‑party crisis will generate multiple event‑rows (one for each participating state). 最新版本的主要 ICB 数据集（版本 16）包含 1918-2021 年期间发生的所有危机的信息。数据集包括 512 个国际危机、1,131 个危机参与者和 1,000 个危机双边关系的信息。其中有 39 个长期冲突。ICB2行为体层级数据集：一行代表一个国家参与某一场国际危机。多方参与的同一场危机将生成多条记录。
Explore →查看 →The ICOW Territorial Claims Data SetICOW领土争端数据集
争端、危机与领土
The Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) dataset systematically records interstate contentious‑issue disputes, including territorial, river, and maritime claims. It adopts multiple analytical units: claim‑level, dyadic‑claim‑level, dyad‑year‑level, and settlement‑attempt‑level observations. Covering mainly 1816‑2001, it documents claim origins‑terminations, issue salience (0‑12 index), peaceful/militarized settlement attempts, dispute escalation and outcomes, and follows the Correlates of War (COW) country‑code standard.战争相关问题数据集（ICOW）系统记录了国家间领土、河流、海洋三类主权与权益争端事件。数据集提供四类分析单元：争端总样本、双边争端样本、双边‑年度面板、争端解决尝试样本。样本时间跨度主要为 1816‑2001 年，记录争端起止时间、争端重要度（salience，0‑12 分值）、和平 / 军事化解决尝试、冲突升级过程与结果，编码兼容 COW（战争相关项目）国家编码体系。
Explore →查看 →ITERATE — International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist EventsITERATE — 国际恐怖主义：恐怖事件属性数据库
恐怖主义
ITERATE is a long-running dataset of transnational terrorist incidents from 1968 onward, compiled by Edward Mickolus and colleagues. Each incident records the date, location, attack and weapon type, perpetrators, victims, and casualties, with hostage/kidnapping negotiations and outcomes coded in companion files. It emphasises the international dimension of terrorism (cross-border actors or foreign victims) and is widely used alongside the GTD.ITERATE 是自 1968 年起持续编纂的跨国恐怖事件数据集，由 Edward Mickolus 等学者整理。每起事件记录发生日期、地点、袭击与武器类型、行为者、受害者及伤亡情况，并在配套文件中对人质/绑架谈判与结局进行编码。该库强调恐怖主义的国际维度（跨国行为者或外国受害者），常与 GTD 互为补充。
Visit source →访问来源 →Minorities at Risk (MAR)少数民族风险数据库
内战、族群与一方暴力
The Minorities at Risk (MAR) Project is a university-based research project that monitors and analyzes the status and conflicts of politically-active communal groups in all countries with a current population of at least 500,000. The project is designed to provide information in a standardized format that aids comparative research and contributes to the understanding of conflicts involving relevant groups. Selected project materials on more than 284 groups (the MAR database and codebook as well as detailed historical chronologies) are available through this site for researchers, public officials, journalists, students, activists, and others interested in the topic.少数民族风险（MAR）项目是一个基于大学的研究项目，旨在监测和分析所有当前人口至少为50万的国家中政治上活跃的社群群体的地位与冲突状况。该项目旨在以标准化格式提供信息，以助益比较研究，并增进对涉及相关群体的冲突的理解。本网站向研究人员、政府官员、记者、学生、活动人士及其他对此主题感兴趣的人士提供关于超过284个群体的部分项目材料（包括MAR数据库、编码手册以及详细的历史大事记）。
Explore →查看 →PA-X Peace Agreements Database (v10)PA-X 和平协定数据库（v10）
维和、冲突管理与和平协定
PA-X v10 is a global registry of 2,257 peace agreements signed between 1990 and 2025. Each row is one agreement and records its date, conflict, region, status, agreement type, process stage, parties, third parties, and selected coded provisions. It is designed for research on agreement design, inclusion, implementation, power sharing, ceasefires, and other negotiated responses to conflict.PA-X v10 是一份全球和平协定登记库，收录 1990—2025 年签署的 2,257 份协定。每行是一份协定，记录日期、冲突、地区、状态、协定类型、进程阶段、签署方、第三方以及若干条款编码，适合研究协定设计、包容性、执行、权力分享、停火及其他谈判式冲突应对。
Explore →查看 →PITF State Failure Problem Set (2018)PITF 国家失序问题集（2018）
内战、族群与一方暴力
The PITF State Failure Problem Set records four types of instability: revolutionary wars, ethnic wars, adverse regime changes, and genocides/politicides. Each row is one official case-year from one of the four separate 2018 spreadsheets; episode start/end dates remain attached to every annual record. The files extend through 2018 and are suited to studying the timing, duration, and overlap of severe internal conflict and governance crises. Redistribution or reproduction permission may be required; that risk is recorded separately from the completed technical workflow.PITF 国家失序问题集记录革命战争、族群战争、不利政权更迭以及种族灭绝/政治清洗四类不稳定事件。每行是四张 2018 年官方表中一条 case-year 年度记录，并保留完整 episode 的起止时间。数据更新至 2018 年，适合研究严重内部冲突和治理危机的时间、持续期与重叠。本地输出仅用于内部清洗和 QA，公开再分发仍待书面许可。
Explore →查看 →PRIO Battledeaths DatasetPRIO战争死亡数据集
战争与武装冲突
This project has generated a dataset on battle deaths (number of soldiers and civilians killed in combat) in state-based armed conflicts for the period 1946-2008. The dataset is compatible with the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset for the period 1946-2008.这个项目生成了一个关于国家间武装冲突中战斗死亡人数（包括士兵和平民死亡人数）的数据集，时间范围是1946年至2008年。该数据集与1946年至2008年的UCDP/PRIO武装冲突数据集兼容。
Explore →查看 →Providing for Peacekeeping: Annual Peak UN DeploymentsProviding for Peacekeeping：联合国维和年度峰值部署
维和、冲突管理与和平协定
Providing for Peacekeeping records countries' uniformed personnel contributions to United Nations peacekeeping operations. The preserved official raw data contain contributor-mission-month observations measured at month end from November 1990 through February 2020. Each hosted row is one contributor-mission-year and reports the maximum Total personnel stock observed in that calendar year plus the number of observed months. Annual peak deployment is a maximum of monthly end-of-month stocks, not a sum, so personnel present across months are not double-counted. months_observed identifies partial relation-years and the partial boundary years.Providing for Peacekeeping 记录各国向联合国维和行动提供的制服人员。保留的官方原始数据以贡献国—任务—月份为单位，数值是 1990 年 11 月至 2020 年 2 月的月末存量。网站数据每行是一条贡献国—任务—年度记录，报告该日历年内官方 Total 月末存量的最大值及实际观测月份数。年度峰值是月末存量的最大值而非求和，避免将跨月持续部署重复计算；months_observed 用于识别关系层面的不完整年度及首尾边界年份。
Explore →查看 →RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism IncidentsRAND 全球恐怖主义事件数据库
恐怖主义
The retired RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents contains 40,129 event records from 1968 through 2009. Each row is a reported terrorism incident and retains the fields used by the website: date, city, country, attributed perpetrator, weapon, and fatalities. The complete raw CSV, including narrative descriptions and injuries, remains preserved; those unused fields are omitted only from the static website payload. The data support research on the location, timing, methods, and human consequences of terrorist attacks.已退役的 RAND 全球恐怖主义事件数据库包含 1968—2009 年的 40,129 条事件记录。每行是一宗报告的恐怖主义事件，保留网站实际使用的日期、城市、国家、被归因的实施者、武器和死亡人数。包含文字描述和受伤人数的完整原始 CSV 继续保留；这些未使用字段仅从静态网站载荷中省略。数据适合研究恐袭的时空分布、手段与人员后果。
Explore →查看 →Social Conflict Analysis Database (SCAD v3.3)社会冲突分析数据库（SCAD v3.3）
政治暴力事件流(自动编码)
SCAD records protests, riots, strikes, and other social disturbances in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Each row is an event and retains start/end dates, country, event type, escalation, principal actor, target and issue, participation and death estimates, repression, and geocoded coordinates. The two official regional v3.3 files are concatenated with regional provenance retained; the separate seven-country SCAD-OPs module is preserved as raw but not joined. Secondary actors, targets and issues, narrative notes, and raw filenames remain in the official raw files but are omitted from the static website payload. The main release covers 1990-2017, with one anomalous earlier raw year retained for QA rather than silently deleted.SCAD 记录非洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的抗议、骚乱、罢工及其他社会动荡。每行是一宗事件，保留起止日期、国家、事件类型、升级程度、主要行为体、目标与议题、参与和死亡估计、镇压以及地理坐标。两份官方 v3.3 区域文件在保留区域来源后纵向合并；独立的七国 SCAD-OPs 模块仅保留为 raw，不与主库拼接。次要行为体、目标与议题、文字备注和原始文件名继续存在于官方 raw 中，但从静态网站载荷中省略。主版本覆盖 1990—2017 年，原始数据中一条更早年份的异常记录为便于 QA 而保留，未静默删除。
Explore →查看 →SIPRI Arms Transfers TIV, 1950–2025SIPRI 武器转移 TIV（1950—2025）
军事能力与军备
These official SIPRI exports report annual imports and exports of major arms in millions of SIPRI trend-indicator values (TIVs) from 1950 through 2025. TIV is a volume indicator constructed for comparing transfer trends; it is not a financial value or a US-dollar amount. Each row is one country/entity-year with separate import_tiv and export_tiv fields. Empty official cells remain null; literal zeroes retain SIPRI's meaning of a rounded volume between 0 and 0.5 million TIV. Historical states, armed groups, organizations, and unidentified entities remain in the data with null ISO3 rather than being forced onto current countries. The separately downloaded trade register is a recipient-supplier-weapon/order product and is retained as raw evidence rather than joined to these aggregates.这些 SIPRI 官方导出记录 1950—2025 年主要武器进口与出口的年度规模，单位为百万 SIPRI 趋势指标值（TIV）。TIV 是用于比较武器转移趋势的规模指标，并非金融价值或美元金额。每行是一个国家/实体—年度，进口与出口分别存于 import_tiv 和 export_tiv。官方空白保持为 null；原表中的 0 仍表示四舍五入前介于 0 与 0.5 百万 TIV 的规模。历史国家、武装团体、国际组织和未知实体保留在数据中，ISO3 留空，不强行映射到现行国家。另行下载的 trade register 以接收方—供应方—武器/订单为单位，仅作为 raw 保留，不与年度汇总拼接。
Explore →查看 →SIPRI Military Expenditure Database (v1.2)SIPRI 军费数据库（v1.2）
军事能力与军备
The SIPRI Military Expenditure Database reports national military spending from 1949 through 2025. Each row is a country-year and keeps four measures separate: millions of constant 2024 US dollars, millions of current US dollars, military spending as a percentage of GDP, and current-US-dollar spending per person (available from 1988). Missing or non-existent-country markers remain null, not zero. Redistribution or reproduction beyond SIPRI's stated fair-use threshold may require authorization; that risk is recorded separately from the completed technical workflow.SIPRI 军费数据库记录 1949—2025 年各国军费。每行是一个国家—年度，并将四种口径严格分开：按 2024 年不变价计算的百万美元、当年现价百万美元、军费占 GDP 比例，以及按当年美元计算的人均军费（自 1988 年起）。缺失或国家尚不存在的标记转换为 null，而不是 0。由于复制超过 10% 需要 SIPRI 授权，本地输出仅供内部清洗和 QA。
Explore →查看 →Strategic Rivalries Data, 1816-2020战略对抗数据集，1816-2020
争端、危机与领土
Strategic Rivalries Data (1494‑2020) identifies state‑pair strategic rivalries: pairs of states mutually perceiving each other as competitive threatening enemies. Original unit is dyad‑spell (continuous rivalry episode); transformed to dyad‑year panel. Dummy variables mark rivalry types: positional, spatial, ideological, interventionary, plus symmetric/asymmetric principal rivalries. Final observation year:2020.战略对抗数据集1494‑2020识别国家对之间的战略对抗关系：双方决策者互相将对方视作有竞争、有军事威胁的敌人。原始数据为dyad‑spell（对抗持续片段），本处理脚本转换为dyad‑year年度面板。虚拟变量标记对抗类型：地位型、领土型、意识形态型、干涉型，同时标记对称/非对称首要对抗。数据最后观测年份2020。
Explore →查看 →UCDP Conflict Termination DatasetUCDP 冲突终止数据集
维和、冲突管理与和平协定
The UCDP Conflict Termination Dataset codes how armed-conflict episodes end and what outcomes follow. This website output uses the official conflict-level product: each row is one conflict-year annual record, not a micro-level event, with conflict sides, location, intensity, episode identifiers, termination type, outcome, end date, and duration. It covers 1946-2024. The official dyad-year product is preserved as raw documentation and is not joined to conflict-year rows.UCDP 冲突终止数据集编码武装冲突 episode 如何结束及其后续结果。网站输出使用官方 conflict-level 产品：每行是一条冲突—年度记录，而非微观事件，包含冲突双方、地点、强度、episode 标识、终止类型、结果、结束日期和持续期，覆盖 1946—2024 年。官方 dyad-year 产品继续作为 raw 保留，不与 conflict-year 记录拼接。
Explore →查看 →UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) v26.1UCDP 地理编码事件数据集（GED）v26.1
战争与武装冲突
The UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) records individual armed-conflict events worldwide from 1989 onwards (v26.1 covers through 2025): each row is one event with date, location (latitude/longitude), the conflicting parties (side_a/side_b), the type of violence (1 = state-based conflict, 2 = non-state conflict, 3 = one-sided violence) and the best estimate of fatalities.UCDP 地理编码事件数据集（GED）记录 1989 年以来全球的武装冲突事件（v26.1 覆盖至 2025 年）：每一行是一个事件，含日期、地点（经纬度）、冲突双方（side_a/side_b）、暴力类型（1=国家间冲突、2=非国家冲突、3=单方面暴力）及最佳死亡估计。
Explore →查看 →UCDP Non-State Conflict DatasetUCDP 非国家冲突数据集
内战、族群与一方暴力
The UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset records organized armed conflict between non-state groups. Each row is one conflict-dyad-year, not a micro-level event, and reports the participating sides, location, region, and UCDP low, best, and high fatality estimates. Version 26.1 covers 1989-2025. Multi-country locations retain null ISO3 rather than being assigned to a single country.UCDP 非国家冲突数据集记录非国家团体之间的有组织武装冲突。每行是一个冲突—dyad—年度，而非微观事件，包含冲突双方、地点、区域以及 UCDP 的低值、最佳值和高值死亡估计。v26.1 覆盖 1989—2025 年。涉及多国的地点不强行归入单一国家，ISO3 保持为空。
Explore →查看 →UCDP One-sided Violence DatasetUCDP 一方暴力数据集
内战、族群与一方暴力
The UCDP One-sided Violence Dataset records deliberate lethal violence by governments or formally organized groups against civilians. Each row is one actor-year, not a micro-level event, and reports the actor, location, region, and UCDP low, best, and high fatality estimates. Version 26.1 covers 1989-2025. Multi-country locations retain null ISO3 rather than being assigned to a single country.UCDP 一方暴力数据集记录政府或正式组织团体针对平民实施的故意致命暴力。每行是一个行为体—年度，而非微观事件，包含行为体、地点、区域以及 UCDP 的低值、最佳值和高值死亡估计。v26.1 覆盖 1989—2025 年。涉及多国的地点不强行归入单一国家，ISO3 保持为空。
Explore →查看 →UCDP Peace Agreement DatasetUCDP 和平协定数据集
维和、冲突管理与和平协定
The UCDP Peace Agreement Dataset records agreements in active armed conflicts. Each row is one peace agreement and reports its date, conflict and dyad, signatory actors, agreement type, whether fighting ended, duration, and selected military, ceasefire, DDR, power-sharing, electoral, autonomy, federalism, peacekeeping, and gender provisions. Version 22.2 contains 374 agreements from 1975 through 2021. Long comments and full agreement text remain in the official raw file; the website payload retains the coded analysis fields and official full-text link.UCDP 和平协定数据集记录活跃武装冲突中的协定。每行是一份和平协定，包含日期、冲突与 dyad、签署行为体、协定类型、冲突是否结束、持续期，以及军事、停火、解除武装复员重返社会、权力分享、选举、自治、联邦制、维和与性别条款等编码。v22.2 含 1975—2021 年的 374 份协定。长篇备注和协定全文仍保留在官方 raw 中；网站载荷仅保留编码分析字段和官方全文链接。
Explore →查看 →UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict DatasetUCDP/PRIO 武装冲突数据集
战争与武装冲突
The UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset records armed conflicts worldwide, 1946–present, where at least one party is a government and annual battle-related deaths reach at least 25. Each row is a conflict-year, capturing the fighting parties, conflict type (interstate, intrastate, internationalized intrastate, extrasystemic), intensity (minor/war), and incompatibility (territory/government).UCDP/PRIO 武装冲突数据集记录 1946 年至今全球范围内至少一方为政府且年度战斗死亡人数达到 25 人的武装冲突。每行为一个冲突-年观测，涵盖参战方、冲突类型（国家间/国内/国际化国内/殖民）、强度（小规模/战争）与争端性质（领土/政府），是冲突定量研究中最广泛使用的权威数据来源。
Explore →查看 →国际关系、外交与国际组织
International Relations, Diplomacy & IOs18 datasetsAidData Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0AidData 全球中国发展融资数据集 3.0
对外援助与发展合作
AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 records 20,985 projects financed by Chinese government institutions and state-owned entities in 148 recipient countries and territories, with commitments from 2000 to 2021. Each row is one project-level record, reconstructed from official sources, contract records, aid information systems and media reports using AidData's TUFF (Tracking Underreported Financial Flows) 3.0 methodology.AidData 全球中国发展融资数据集 3.0 收录了 2000–2021 年间中国官方机构与国有主体在 148 个受援国家和地区开展的 20,985 个项目。一行是一条项目级记录，由 AidData 依据 TUFF 3.0 方法，从官方文件、合同记录、援助信息系统和媒体报道中逐条重建。
Explore →查看 →Archigos: A Dataset of Political LeadersArchigos 各国政治领导人数据集
领导人与精英
Archigos records the effective political leaders of all independent states worldwide, 1875–present. Each entry captures a leader's name, country, entry and exit dates, how they entered and exited office (regular/irregular), and post-tenure fate.Archigos 记录 1875 年以来全球各国独立国家的有效最高政治领导人及其任期信息。每条记录涵盖领导人姓名、国家、就任与离任日期、上台与下台方式（常规/非常规）以及离任后命运，是研究领导人更替、政治生存与权力转移的标准数据来源。
Explore →查看 →Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP), Version 5.1联盟条约义务与条款数据库（ATOP）第 5.1 版
联盟、外交与国家偏好
ATOP records formal military alliances. This conservative hosted view pairs distinct COW-coded members only when their official member spells overlap within the same ATOPID and PHASE. Each row is one continuous unordered membership dyad interval. ATOP's official obligation files were reviewed, but obligation fields are omitted because none can be assigned reliably to a single alliance-phase dyad when partner-specific obligations or multiple shared alliances occur. COW node keys remain distinct from modern ISO3 values, which are supplied only for visualization.ATOP 记录正式军事联盟。本页采用保守的成员关系视图：仅在同一 ATOPID 与 PHASE 内两个 COW 编码成员的官方成员有效期存在交集时生成无序国家对，每行为一段连续有效区间。经核查官方联盟、联盟阶段、成员、dyad-year 与 directed-dyad-year 文件，现有义务变量无法在存在伙伴差异或多重共享联盟时可靠下推到单一联盟阶段国家对，因此正式页面不展示义务字段。网络节点使用原始 COW code，现代 ISO3 仅作可视化辅助。
Explore →查看 →CHISOLS: Change in Source of Leader Support (v5.0)CHISOLS 领导人支持来源变化数据集 (5.0 版)
领导人与精英
CHISOLS identifies, for every state-year from 1919 to 2018, whether a change of national leader also brought a change in the domestic societal groups on which the leader depends to stay in power — the leader's source of leader support (SOLS). The distinction matters because leader turnover alone often changes little, whereas a shift in the supporting coalition predicts changes in foreign policy, alliance commitments and treaty compliance.CHISOLS 逐一判断 1919–2018 年间每个国家-年里，领导人更替是否同时带来了「领导人支持来源」（source of leader support, SOLS）的变化——即领导人赖以维持权力的国内社会群体是否发生了改变。这个区分很关键：单纯的领导人更替往往没什么实质影响，而支持联盟本身的变动则能预测外交政策、联盟承诺与条约遵守行为的转向。
Explore →查看 →COW Diplomatic ExchangeCOW 外交往来数据
联盟、外交与国家偏好
The Correlates of War Diplomatic Exchange dataset records the level of diplomatic representation between pairs of states from 1817 to 2005, at five-year intervals. The DE indicator captures whether and at what level two states exchanged diplomats (charge d'affaires, minister, ambassador).COW 外交往来数据记录了 1817–2005 年间各国两两之间的外交代表级别（代办、公使、大使），每五年一个观测，是衡量双边外交关系与地缘政治亲疏/断裂的标准指标。
Explore →查看 →Correlates of War Formal Alliances (v4.1)战争相关因素正式联盟数据（v4.1）
联盟、外交与国家偏好
The Correlates of War Formal Alliances dataset records defense, neutrality, non-aggression, and entente commitments from 1816 to 2012. Each row here is one official directed alliance spell between two states, retaining start/end dates, censoring flags, and the terms that apply in that direction. The directed spell product is used because it preserves asymmetric obligations and avoids the documented column shift found in the package's undirected dyad-year rows for the two alliances added in v4.1.战争相关因素正式联盟数据记录 1816—2012 年的防御、中立、互不侵犯和协商承诺。这里每行是一条官方有向联盟 spell，保留起止日期、删失标记以及该方向适用的条款。选择有向 spell 产品是因为它能保留非对称义务，并避开 v4.1 包中两个新增联盟在无向 dyad-year 文件里的列错位。
Explore →查看 →COW Historical State-IGO Membership NetworkCOW 历史国家—政府间组织成员网络
国际组织与制度
The COW IGO v3.0 release records membership in 534 intergovernmental organizations. The official release includes IGO-year, state-year, and dyad-year products; the preserved state-year matrix supplies the network relationships used here. Each hosted row is one historical state-IGO pair observed in the 1816-2014 state-membership source. It retains the specific organization identity and reports the first and last active years, actual numbers of full, associate, and observer membership years, total active years, and membership spell count. first_year and last_year are boundaries only: years_total counts actual active state-IGO-years, and spell_count reveals gaps or status transitions. The network represents historical membership over the full source period, not membership active in any single year.COW IGO v3.0 记录 534 个政府间组织的成员关系。官方发布包含 IGO-year、state-year 与 dyad-year 产品；本网站网络关系来自完整保留的 state-year 成员矩阵。每行是 1816—2014 年 state-membership 原始产品中的一对历史国家—IGO，保留具体组织身份，并报告首次和最后活跃年份、正式成员/联系成员/观察员的实际年数、总活跃年数及成员区间数。first_year 与 last_year 仅表示边界；years_total 只计算真实活跃的 state–IGO–year，spell_count 用于揭示中断或身份变化。该网络表示完整历史期内的成员关系，不是某个单一年份的当期网络。
Explore →查看 →EU Sanctions Map (Restrictive Measures)欧盟制裁地图（限制性措施清单）
制裁与胁迫
The EU Sanctions Map is the official registry of entities, individuals, and vessels subject to EU restrictive measures (sanctions). This registry combines 5,994 designated persons and enterprises from the EU financial-sanctions XML feed with 1,116 designated vessels from the consolidated vessel list — 7,110 entries in total. Each entry carries the subject type (person / enterprise / vessel), the sanctions regime/programme it falls under (e.g., UKR, IRN, SYR, BLR), the underlying Council regulation, and a link to the official legal text. It is a primary indicator of EU sanctions / long-arm compliance exposure for counterparties and supply chains.欧盟制裁地图是受欧盟限制性措施（制裁）约束的实体、个人与船只的官方登记册。本名录将欧盟金融制裁 XML 源中的 5,994 个被列名的个人与企业，与综合船只清单中的 1,116 艘被指定船只合并，共 7,110 条记录。每条含主体类型（个人 / 企业 / 船只）、所属制裁机制（如 UKR、IRN、SYR、BLR）、对应的理事会条例及官方法律文本链接。它是识别交易对手与供应链是否触及欧盟制裁、评估域外管辖合规暴露的一手指标。
Explore →查看 →Global Sanctions Database (GSDB), Release 4全球制裁数据库（GSDB）第 4 版
制裁与胁迫
GSDB Release 4 records sanctions imposed by sender actors on target actors. This compact hosted view is built from the official case-level file and retains one observation per sanction case-sender-target combination, using the official begin and end years. Explicit comma-separated sender or target lists are split into actors; named multilateral organizations and collective groups remain single actors because the case file identifies them collectively. The annual dyad-year expansion is not included.GSDB 第 4 版记录制裁发起方与目标方之间的制裁关系。本页使用官方案例级文件，每行为一个“制裁案例—发起方—目标方”组合，并直接保留官方起止年份。明确列举的多发起方或多目标方名单已拆分；以国际组织或集合性集团名义记录的行为体仍作为单一节点保留。页面不再展开逐年 dyad-year 记录。
Explore →查看 →Leader Experience and Attribute Descriptions (LEAD)领导人经历与属性描述数据（LEAD）
领导人与精英
LEAD records the personal background and experience of national leaders. Each row in the downloaded v1.0 file is a leader or office spell, not a country-year average: it includes office dates, age, gender, education, military and rebel experience, prior occupations, political experience, and selected health attributes. The file contains 2,965 records across 191 COW country codes, with office endings from 1875 through 2004. One leader identifier appears on two cross-year records and is retained rather than silently deduplicated.LEAD 记录国家领导人的个人背景和经历。下载的 v1.0 文件中每行是一位领导人或一次任职 spell，并非国家—年度平均；字段包括任职日期、年龄、性别、教育、军队与反叛经历、既往职业、政治经验和部分健康属性。文件含 2,965 条记录、覆盖 191 个 COW 国家代码，任职结束年份为 1875—2004 年。一个 leader ID 有两条跨年记录，清洗中予以保留而未静默去重。
Explore →查看 →Measure of International Authority (MIA) v4国际组织权威测量（MIA）v4
国际组织与制度
The Measure of International Authority (MIA) records how authority is delegated to international bodies and pooled among member states. The official v4 Authority product contains annual observations for 76 international organizations from 1950 through 2019. Each hosted row is one IO-year record with a stable organization-code/year identifier and the codebook-defined aggregate delegation, pooling, and dispute-settlement measures. MIA is represented as a registry of annual IO observations because the current panel archetype requires geographic ISO3 codes. This preserves the IO-year data without falsely treating international organizations as countries. The much wider Master and Policy modules remain preserved as official raw documentation products and are not forced into the hosted table.国际组织权威测量（MIA）记录权威如何被授权给国际机构，以及成员国如何通过集体决策共享权威。官方 v4 Authority 产品包含 76 个国际组织在 1950—2019 年的年度观测。网站数据每行是一条 IO-year 记录，使用稳定的组织代码—年份标识，并保留 codebook 定义的 delegation、pooling 与争端解决汇总指标。由于现有 panel archetype 强制要求地理国家 ISO3，本产品采用年度国际组织观测 registry，以避免把国际组织虚假表示为国家。更宽的 Master 与 Policy 模块继续作为官方 raw 和文档保留，不被强行拼入网站表。
Explore →查看 →OECD DAC CRS: Official Development Assistance by recipientOECD DAC CRS：按受援国统计的官方发展援助
对外援助与发展合作
The Creditor Reporting System is the DAC's authoritative record of aid activities: every ODA-eligible commitment and disbursement reported by official donors, with recipient, sector, channel and modality attached. It is the standard source for questions about who gives aid, to whom, and for what.债权国报告制度（CRS）是 DAC 关于援助活动的权威记录：官方捐助方报告的每一笔符合 ODA 口径的承诺与支付，都带有受援方、部门、渠道和援助方式等标签。研究「谁援助、援助谁、援助什么」时，它是标准数据源。
Explore →查看 →OFAC Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons ListOFAC 特别指定国民与被封锁人员清单
制裁与胁迫
The Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, maintained by the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), identifies individuals, entities, vessels, and other parties subject to U.S. sanctions restrictions. Listed parties may be subject to asset freezes and transaction prohibitions involving U.S. persons.OFAC 特别指定国民与被封锁人员清单由美国财政部海外资产控制办公室维护，列明受到美国制裁限制的个人、实体、船舶及其他对象。被列名对象通常可能面临资产冻结以及与美国主体交易受限等后果。
Explore →查看 →Powell & Thyne Coup d'état DatasetPowell & Thyne 政变数据集
领导人与精英
The Powell & Thyne Coup d'état Dataset records coup events worldwide, 1950–present. A coup is defined as an illegal seizure of power against the incumbent executive by actors within the state apparatus. Each event captures the date, country, and whether the coup was successful or attempted/failed.Powell & Thyne 政变数据集记录 1950 年至今全球范围内的政变事件——即国家机构内部行为者对在任行政首脑发动的非法夺权企图。每个事件包含日期、国家及政变结果（成功/未遂），是研究非常规领导更替与政权不稳定风险的标准数据来源。
Explore →查看 →Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions (TIES) 4.1经济制裁威胁与实施数据集（TIES 4.1）
制裁与胁迫
The Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions (TIES) dataset records sanctions cases from 1945 to 2005, distinguishing between threats to impose sanctions and actual sanction imposition. The original file is case-level: each case has one target state but may include multiple sender states or an international institution.TIES（经济制裁威胁与实施数据集）记录了 1945-2005 年间的经济制裁案例，并区分“威胁施加制裁”与“实际实施制裁”两个阶段。原始文件以案例为单位：每个案例只有一个目标国，但可能包含多个发起国，也可能由国际机构推动。
Explore →查看 →UNCTAD IIA Navigator — full registry of BITs and treaties with investment provisionsUNCTAD 国际投资协定导航 —— 双边投资协定与含投资条款条约全库
国际组织与制度
UNCTAD's International Investment Agreements (IIA) Navigator is the reference registry of the world's investment treaties. This dataset is the complete registry as retrieved on 26 August 2026: every one of the 3,991 treaties the Navigator holds, with no filter on type, status or year. One row is one treaty.UNCTAD 国际投资协定导航（IIA Navigator）是全球投资条约的权威登记库。本数据集是 2026 年 8 月 26 日取数时的**全库**：导航收录的 3,991 份条约一份不落，检索时对类型、状态、年份均不加任何限制。一行 = 一份条约。
Explore →查看 →UNGA Voting Ideal Points (Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten)联合国大会投票理想点 (Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten)
联盟、外交与国家偏好
This dataset provides annual ideal-point estimates for virtually all UN member states from 1946 to 2023, derived from roll-call voting records in the UN General Assembly (UNGA). Using a dynamic Bayesian item-response theory (IRT) model, each country-year is assigned a latent position on a single dimension: higher values indicate alignment with the United States and Western democracies, while lower values indicate alignment with the developing-world consensus. The dataset also reports bilateral voting-agreement scores with major powers (US, China, Russia).本数据集利用联合国大会（UNGA）历届记名投票，通过动态贝叶斯项目反应理论（IRT）模型，估计 1946-2023 年几乎所有联合国会员国的年度理想点（ideal point）。理想点值越高，表明该国立场越接近美国及西方民主国家；值越低，则表明更趋近于发展中国家阵营共识。数据集同时提供各国与美国、中国、俄罗斯的双边投票一致度（Agreement Score）。
Explore →查看 →US Consolidated Screening List (Export Controls)美国综合出口管制清单
制裁与胁迫
The Consolidated Screening List combines the U.S. government's export-control and sanctions screening lists (Entity List, Denied Persons, SDN, Debarred, and others) into a single registry of restricted parties. Each row is an individual, company, or vessel subject to license requirements or prohibitions.美国综合出口管制清单将出口管制与制裁相关的多份名单（实体清单、拒绝人员、SDN、除名清单等）汇总为一个受限主体登记册。每一行是一个受许可要求或禁令约束的个人、企业或船只，是衡量技术封锁与市场准入风险的一手指标。
Explore →查看 →国际政治经济与全球化
International Political Economy & Globalization27 datasetsAtlas of Economic Complexity — Trade Indicators (HS92, 1995–2024)经济复杂度地图集 — 贸易指标 (HS92, 1995–2024)
贸易流量与贸易政策
The Atlas of Economic Complexity provides international trade data based on UN COMTRADE, cleaned via the Bustos-Yildirim method. This dataset aggregates bilateral HS92 trade flows to country-year level, covering 232 economies from 1995 to 2024.经济复杂度地图集提供基于 UN COMTRADE 的国际双边贸易数据，经 Bustos-Yildirim 方法清洗。本数据集将 HS92 分类的双边贸易流汇总至国家-年份层面，覆盖 232 个经济体，时间跨度为 1995–2024 年。
Explore →查看 →CEPII Gravity Database (V202211, benchmark years)CEPII 引力数据库（V202211，基准年切片）
贸易流量与贸易政策
The CEPII Gravity database assembles the variables used in gravity models of international trade: bilateral trade flows, geographic distance, contiguity, common language, trade agreements, and the economic size of both partners, for up to 252 countries and territories from 1948 to 2020.CEPII 引力数据库汇总了国际贸易引力模型所需的各类变量：双边贸易流量、地理距离、是否接壤、共同语言、贸易协定，以及双方的经济规模，覆盖 1948–2020 年最多 252 个国家和地区。
Explore →查看 →Design of Trade Agreements (DESTA), Version 2.3贸易协定设计数据库（DESTA）第 2.3 版
贸易流量与贸易政策
DESTA records the design of preferential trade agreements. This registry contains one row per formal base_treaty identifier; base entries provide agreement identity, dates, and members at signature, while available consolidated entries supply the latest consolidated market-access type. Five delivered groups lack a formal base entry and are explicitly flagged; their earliest available entry is used as the canonical row. Agreement type and institutional depth use DESTA's published codes.DESTA 系统编码优惠贸易协定的制度设计。本名录以正式 base_treaty 为单位，每行一项协定；协定名称、日期和签署时成员取自 base entry，如有 consolidated entry，制度深度取其合并后编码。交付文件中有 5 个分组缺少正式 base entry，已逐行标记并保守采用最早可用 entry。协定类型与制度深度均使用 DESTA 正式变量。
Explore →查看 →Digital Trade Restrictiveness IndexECIPE 数字贸易限制指数（DTRI）
贸易流量与贸易政策
The Digital Trade Restrictiveness Index (DTRI) measures how countries in the world restrict digital trade. The DTRI is based on a wide spectrum of digital trade policies covering more than 100 policy measures across 64 countries worldwide. The index is the first global initiative to provide transparency of applied digital trade restrictions and sheds light on how countries compare with each other. The index is based on the Digital Trade Estimates (DTE), a database that ECIPE has developed and that is freely available for anyone to use.数字贸易限制指数（DTRI）用于衡量各国对数字贸易设置的壁垒程度。该指数涵盖全球 64 个经济体、逾百项数字贸易相关政策，覆盖范围十分广泛。作为全球首个同类量化评估工具，它清晰量化各国现行数字贸易监管限制，直观呈现各国政策松紧差异。指数依托欧洲国际政治经济中心（ECIPE）自主搭建的数字贸易测算数据库（DTE）编制，该数据库面向公众免费开放使用。
Explore →查看 →Global Trade Alert (GTA) — Trade Intervention Measures全球贸易预警 (GTA) — 贸易干预措施数据库
贸易流量与贸易政策
The Global Trade Alert (GTA) database records discriminatory trade and industrial policy interventions implemented by governments worldwide. Covering 2008–2026, it catalogs 3,656 intervention measures across 123 implementing jurisdictions, classified by type (anti-dumping, subsidies, import bans, public procurement restrictions, etc.) and evaluated by discriminatory impact (Red/Amber/Green).全球贸易预警（GTA）数据库记录了各国政府实施的歧视性贸易和产业政策措施。覆盖 2008–2026 年，收录 3,656 项干预措施，涉及 123 个实施方，按类型分类（反倾销、补贴、进口禁令、公共采购限制等）并按歧视性影响评级（红/琥珀/绿）。
Explore →查看 →Geopolitical Risk Index (GPR)地缘政治风险指数 (GPR)
金融、货币与危机
The Geopolitical Risk Index measures adverse geopolitical events (wars, terrorism, tensions) by counting their coverage in major newspapers since 1900. GPR is the headline monthly index; GPRT isolates threats, GPRA isolates actual acts.地缘政治风险指数通过统计主流报纸对战争、恐怖主义、紧张局势等不利地缘事件的报道频率来度量风险，数据始于 1900 年。GPR 为月度总指数，GPRT 仅含威胁、GPRA 仅含实际行动，是经济金融领域应用最广的高频地缘风险指标。
Explore →查看 →ICSID Cases DatabaseICSID 投资仲裁案件数据库
投资、跨国资本与FDI
The ICSID Cases Database is the official registry of all cases administered by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes — the world's leading forum for investor–state dispute settlement. This registry covers 1,149 cases registered since ICSID's founding, each listing the investor-claimant, the respondent host state, the case number, the applicable rules (ICSID Convention, ad hoc, conciliation, etc.), and the current status (Concluded or Pending). It is the authoritative source for tracking which states face active or concluded investment arbitration, central to assessing legal-war / treaty-breach exposure.ICSID 案件数据库是关于国际投资争端解决中心（世界银行集团旗下投资者—国家争端解决的首要机构）所受理全部案件的官方登记册。本名录覆盖自 ICSID 成立起登记的 1,149 起案件，逐案列出投资者—申诉人、被诉东道国、案件编号、适用规则（ICSID 公约、临时仲裁、调解等）及当前状态（已结案 / 审理中）。它是追踪各国面临投资仲裁历史与现状的权威来源，对评估法律战与条约违约风险至关重要。
Explore →查看 →IMF New Industrial Policy Observatory (NIPO)IMF 新产业政策观察 (NIPO)
贸易流量与贸易政策
The New Industrial Policy Observatory records government interventions coded as industrial policy — subsidies, tax breaks, loans, export controls, localisation requirements, procurement measures and more — drawn from the Global Trade Alert database. Each event is one measure (Intervention ID), tagged with the implementing jurisdiction, intervention type, MAST chapter, inception date and GTA evaluation (harmful / liberalising). Announced measures can carry scheduled future inception dates, so the timeline may extend beyond the access year.新产业政策观察记录各国被编码为产业政策的政府干预措施——补贴、税收优惠、贷款、出口管制、本地化要求、政府采购等——数据来自 Global Trade Alert 数据库。每个事件为一项措施（Intervention ID），标注实施辖区、干预类型、MAST 章节、生效日期与 GTA 评定（有害/自由化）。已宣布的措施可能采用未来计划生效日期，因此时间轴可能延伸至数据访问年份之后。
Explore →查看 →IMF PortWatch — Daily Chokepoint Vessel TransitsIMF PortWatch — 关键海上航道每日船舶通行量
贸易流量与贸易政策
IMF PortWatch uses satellite AIS vessel-tracking data to monitor activity and disruptions at the world's major maritime chokepoints in near real time. This page reports the daily NUMBER OF VESSELS transiting each of 28 strategic chokepoints — including the Suez and Panama Canals, the Strait of Hormuz, Bab el-Mandeb, the Malacca and Taiwan Straits, and the Cape of Good Hope detour route — from 2019 to the present. The figures are vessel transit counts, not trade value, tonnage, or capacity.IMF PortWatch 利用卫星 AIS 船舶定位数据，近实时监测全球主要海上咽喉的通行活动与中断情况。本页给出 2019 年至今、28 个战略性航道每日通行的船舶数量——包括苏伊士运河、巴拿马运河、霍尔木兹海峡、曼德海峡、马六甲海峡、台湾海峡，以及绕行非洲的好望角航线。此处数值为每日船舶通行艘数，并非贸易额、货运吨位或运力。
Explore →查看 →KOF Globalisation IndexKOF 全球化指数
全球化与宏观发展
The KOF Globalisation Index measures the economic, social and political dimensions of globalisation for 215 economies from 1970 onward, on a 1–100 scale where higher means more globalised. This is the 2025 time-series release of the revised (2020) index, with data through 2023.KOF 全球化指数衡量 215 个经济体自 1970 年以来在经济、社会和政治三个维度上的全球化程度，取值 1–100，越高表示全球化程度越深。本数据为 2025 年时间序列版，采用 2020 年修订口径，数据截至 2023 年。
Explore →查看 →Laeven-Valencia Systemic Banking Crises DatabaseLaeven-Valencia 系统性银行危机数据库
金融、货币与危机
This is the standard reference list of systemic banking crises: episodes in which a country's banking system experienced significant distress together with significant policy intervention. Each row is one crisis episode, with its start and end year and the fiscal and real costs the authors reconstruct for it.这是系统性银行危机的标准参照清单：所谓系统性银行危机，指一国银行体系出现严重困境并伴随重大政策干预的时期。一行为一次危机，含起止年份，以及作者重建的财政成本与实体经济成本。
Explore →查看 →Maddison Project Database 2023麦迪逊项目数据库 2023
全球化与宏观发展
The Maddison Project Database provides the longest-run comparable estimates of GDP per capita and population across countries, assembled from national accounts, historical statistics and archival research. The 2023 release covers 169 countries; coverage is thin before 1800 and near-complete from 1950 onward.麦迪逊项目数据库提供时间跨度最长的跨国可比人均 GDP 与人口估计，数据来自国民账户、历史统计和档案研究。2023 版覆盖 169 个国家；1800 年以前覆盖稀疏，1950 年以后基本完整。
Explore →查看 →The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index经合组织数字服务贸易限制指数
贸易流量与贸易政策
The OECD Digital STRI identifies, catalogues and quantifies barriers that affect trade in digitally enabled services across 129 countries. It provides policy makers with an evidence-based tool that helps to identify regulatory bottlenecks, design policies that foster more competitive and diversified markets for digital trade, and analyze the impact of policy reforms. The OECD Digital STRI captures cross-cutting impediments that affect all types of services traded digitally. As a stand-alone instrument, it complements the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI).经合组织数字服务贸易限制指数梳理、归类并量化全球 129 个经济体的数字服务贸易壁垒。该指数为政策制定者提供实证分析工具，便于识别监管堵点、制定政策以培育更具竞争力与多元化的数字贸易市场，并评估各类政策改革带来的影响。数字服务贸易限制指数聚焦适用于所有数字化服务贸易的通用性监管障碍，作为独立分析工具，它是经合组织服务贸易限制指数的补充配套指标。
Explore →查看 →OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index经合组织外商直接投资监管限制指数
投资、跨国资本与FDI
This dataset is the OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index (FDIRRI) for 2023, covering multiple OECD and partner economies. The index quantifies legal and regulatory barriers to foreign direct investment across 22 economic sectors, measuring four types of restrictions: foreign equity caps, screening mechanisms, limits on key foreign personnel, and other operational constraints. Index scores range from 0 (fully open to foreign capital) to 1 (fully closed), with the aggregate national total index weighted by sectoral economic output to reflect overall investment openness of a country.本数据集为经合组织 2023 年外商直接投资监管限制指数（FDIRRI），覆盖多个 OECD 成员国及伙伴经济体。该指数量化 22 个经济行业的外资准入法律监管壁垒，从外资持股限制、投资审查、外籍核心人员管控、其他运营限制四大维度测算得分；指数取值区间 0 至 1，数值越高代表外资准入壁垒越高。各国总指数依据各行业经济权重加权计算，用于综合衡量一国整体外商投资开放水平，是国际政治经济、外资管制领域主流量化数据库。
Explore →查看 →Trade in Value Added (TiVA) 2025 edition: Principal Indicators, sharesOECD 贸易增加值（TiVA）
贸易流量与贸易政策
Trade in Value Added (TiVA) is a collection of measures that provide insights into global production networks and supply chains beyond conventional trade statistics. TiVA tracks the origins of value added in exports, imports and final demand. The present edition provides indicators for 80 economies (as well as regional aggregates), 50 economic activities based on ISIC Rev. 4 (as well as industry groups) and covers the time-period 1995-2022.增加值贸易（TiVA）是一套指标体系，相较于传统贸易统计，它能更深入地剖析全球生产网络与供应链格局。TiVA 追踪出口、进口及最终需求中增加值的来源。本版数据库涵盖 80 个经济体（含区域汇总数据）、基于国际标准产业分类第 4 版（ISIC Rev.4）划分的 50 个行业（含行业大类），数据时间跨度为 1995 至 2022 年。
Explore →查看 →Penn World Table 11.0佩恩世界表 11.0
全球化与宏观发展
The Penn World Table reports purchasing-power-parity converted national accounts for 185 economies from 1950 to 2023, built so that income, output, input and productivity levels are comparable both across countries and over time. Version 11.0 is the current release from the Groningen Growth and Development Centre.佩恩世界表提供 1950–2023 年 185 个经济体经购买力平价折算的国民账户数据，其构建目标是让收入、产出、投入和生产率水平在国家之间与时间上都可比。11.0 版是格罗宁根增长与发展中心的最新发布。
Explore →查看 →PRISM Investment Screening Mechanisms DatasetPRISM 外国投资审查机制数据
投资、跨国资本与FDI
PRISM's ISM time-series file records investment-screening rules in OECD countries. The core panel covers 2007-2023; the source additionally contains three partial 2024 observations for France, Ireland, and Sweden. Each row is a country-year. has_screening_mechanism equals 1 when the source reports one or more mechanisms and 0 when it reports zero; missing values are never converted to zero. Selected companion fields describe mechanism count, legal changes, call-in power, and coverage.PRISM 的 ISM 时间序列文件记录 OECD 国家的外国投资审查规则。核心完整面板覆盖 2007-2023 年；源表另包含法国、爱尔兰和瑞典 3 条 2024 年部分记录。每行为一个国家-年份。has_screening_mechanism 在源数据报告一项或多项机制时为 1，报告零项时为 0；缺失值不被转换为 0。页面同时保留机制数量、法律变更、政府主动调查权和覆盖范围等核心维度。
Explore →查看 →Reinhart-Rogoff Global Financial Crisis Index (BCDI), 1800–2010莱因哈特-罗格夫全球金融危机指数 (BCDI)，1800–2010
金融、货币与危机
The BCDI index is Reinhart and Rogoff's composite measure of global financial turbulence: for each year it aggregates the incidence of banking crises, currency crashes, sovereign default (domestic and external) and inflation crises across the countries in their historical sample, weighted by share of world income. The series runs annually from 1800 to 2010. BCDI+ additionally counts stock-market crashes and is available from the later part of the sample onward.BCDI 指数是莱因哈特与罗格夫构建的全球金融动荡综合度量：对每一年，它把样本国家中银行危机、货币崩溃、主权违约（对内与对外）和通胀危机的发生情况，按各国占世界收入的份额加权汇总。序列为 1800–2010 年的年度数据。BCDI+ 在此基础上再计入股市崩盘，仅覆盖样本后段。
Explore →查看 →Temporary Trade Barriers Database (Bown / World Bank)临时贸易壁垒数据库 (Bown/世界银行)
贸易流量与贸易政策
The Temporary Trade Barriers Database (TTBD), maintained by Chad P. Bown at the World Bank, documents the use of 'contingent protection' measures—antidumping (AD), countervailing duties (CVD), and safeguards (SG)—across major WTO members from 1990 to 2013. Unlike permanent tariffs, these measures are applied on a product-specific, country-specific basis in response to alleged injury or dumping, and can be removed after investigation. The historical data series reports the annual stock of temporary trade barriers in force as a simple-average tariff-equivalent percentage, covering 34 importing countries.临时贸易壁垒数据库（TTBD）由世界银行 Chad P. Bown 主持建立，系统记录主要 WTO 成员1990-2013 年使用的临时性贸易救济措施：反倾销（AD）、反补贴税（CVD）与保障措施（SG）。与永久关税不同，这些措施针对特定产品和出口国实施，经调查后可撤销。历史数据系列报告各年度在实施的临时贸易壁垒存量，以简单平均关税当量（%）表示，涵盖 34 个进口国。
Explore →查看 →UN Comtrade — Reporter–World TradeUN Comtrade 报告国对世界贸易
贸易流量与贸易政策
Directed reporter–World trade values from UN Comtrade for 13 major economies, 2015–2022. Export flows point reporter→World, import flows point World→reporter, and the weight is total trade value in USD (all HS chapters summed).来自 UN Comtrade 的报告国对世界（World）有向贸易额，覆盖 13 个主要经济体，2015–2022 年。出口流向为 报告国→World，进口流向为 World→报告国，权重为美元计总贸易额（各 HS 章节加总）。
Explore →查看 →UNCTAD FDI Flows and StockUNCTAD 外国直接投资流量与存量
投资、跨国资本与FDI
UNCTAD's foreign direct investment table is the standard global source for FDI flows and positions, compiled from national balance-of-payments and international investment position statistics and harmonised across reporting economies. Coverage runs from 1990 to 2024.UNCTAD 的外国直接投资表是 FDI 流量与头寸的标准全球数据源，基于各国国际收支与国际投资头寸统计编制，并在报告经济体之间做了口径统一，覆盖 1990–2024 年。
Explore →查看 →UNCTAD International Investment Agreements (IIA) Network — BIT & TIPUNCTAD 国际投资协定网络 (BIT / TIP)
投资、跨国资本与FDI
The UNCTAD IIA Navigator is the authoritative inventory of international investment agreements (IIAs). This dyadic dataset merges 520 UNCTAD per-country files (260 bilateral investment treaties, BITs, and 260 treaties with investment provisions, TIPs) into 3,770 unique country-pair treaties. Each row is a directed pair (home state → partner state) with the year of signature and the agreement type (BIT / TIP); multi-party treaties are decomposed into all pairwise links and de-duplicated as undirected pairs. Regional blocs (EU, ASEAN, EFTA, MERCOSUR, GCC, etc.) that sign IIAs are retained as synthetic nodes. It maps the global investment-protection treaty network and reveals where treaty coverage — and thus ISDS recourse — exists or has lapsed.UNCTAD 国际投资协定（IIA）导航器是全球投资协定的权威清单。本 dyadic 数据集将 UNCTAD 的 520 份各国文件（260 份双边投资协定 BIT 与 260 份含投资条款条约 TIP）合并为 3,770 个唯一国家间条约。每行是一个有向对（本国 → 伙伴国），含签署年份与协定类型（BIT / TIP）；多方条约拆分为所有两两链接并按无序对去重。签署 IIA 的区域集团（欧盟、东盟、EFTA、南方共同市场、海合会等）作为合成节点保留。它描绘了全球投资保护条约网络，揭示何处存在（或已失效）条约保护及 ISDS 救济渠道。
Explore →查看 →UNCTAD Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator (ISDS)UNCTAD 投资争端解决导航器 (ISDS)
投资、跨国资本与FDI
The UNCTAD Investment Dispute Settlement (ISDS) Navigator is the authoritative public registry of known investor–state dispute settlement cases brought under international investment treaties. This registry covers 1,332 cases from 1989 to 2023, each a treaty-based claim by a foreign investor against a host state. Fields include the claimant's home state, the respondent (defendant) state, the applicable investment treaty, the economic sector, the proceeding status/outcome, and amounts claimed and awarded. It is the primary source for quantifying expropriation and treaty-breach risk by host country and sector.UNCTAD 投资争端解决（ISDS）导航器是基于国际投资条约的投资者—国家争端案件的权威公开登记册。本名录覆盖 1989–2023 年共 1,332 起案件，每起均为外国投资者依据投资条约对东道国提起的仲裁请求。字段包括投资者母国、被诉国（被告国）、适用投资条约、经济行业、程序状态/结果，以及索赔与裁决金额。它是按东道国与行业量化征收及违约风险的一手来源。
Explore →查看 →UNCTADstat Maritime Transport — Global IndicatorsUNCTADstat 海运运输全球指标
贸易流量与贸易政策
Annual global (World) maritime-transport indicators from UNCTADstat: world seaborne trade (goods loaded, thousand metric tons), the world merchant fleet (total fleet, thousand dead-weight tons), container port throughput (TEU), and ships built (gross tonnage). Each series is the World aggregate of its indicator table.来自 UNCTADstat 的年度全球（World）海运运输指标：世界海运贸易（装货量，千公吨）、世界商船队（全船队，千载重吨 DWT）、集装箱港口吞吐量（TEU）、以及造船量（总吨）。每条序列取各指标表的全球合计行。
Explore →查看 →World Development Indicators (core indicators)世界发展指标 (WDI，核心指标)
全球化与宏观发展
The World Development Indicators are the World Bank's primary compilation of cross-country development statistics, drawn from officially recognised international sources and harmonised so that economies can be compared with each other and over time. Coverage runs from 1960 to the present.世界发展指标是世界银行最主要的跨国发展统计汇编，取自国际公认的官方统计来源，并做了口径统一，使各经济体之间以及不同年份之间可比，数据自 1960 年至今。
Explore →查看 →WITS TRAINS — MFN Applied TariffsWITS TRAINS 最惠国适用关税
贸易流量与贸易政策
Country-year panel of the simple-average Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) applied tariff, built from the World Bank WITS / UNCTAD TRAINS product-line tariff files (ad-valorem equivalents included). Each observation is a reporting economy in a given year; the value is the unweighted mean of the applied tariff across all HS product lines reported that year.各国-年度最惠国（MFN）适用关税简单平均面板，来自世界银行 WITS / UNCTAD TRAINS 的产品线级关税数据（含从价等值 AVE）。每个观测为某报告经济体在某一年，其数值为该年所有 HS 产品线适用关税的算术平均。
Explore →查看 →WTO I-TIP — SPS & TBT NotificationsWTO I-TIP 卫生检疫与技术性贸易壁垒通报
贸易流量与贸易政策
Country-year counts of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) notifications submitted by WTO members, 1995–2026, from the WTO I-TIP portal. Each observation is a notifying member in a year, with the number of SPS notifications, TBT notifications, and their total.各国-年度 WTO 卫生与植物卫生措施（SPS）与技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）通报计数，1995–2026 年，来自 WTO I-TIP 门户。每个观测为某通报成员在某一年的 SPS 通报数、TBT 通报数及其合计。
Explore →查看 →人权、镇压与法治
Human Rights, Repression & Rule of Law11 datasetsCIRI Human Rights Data ProjectCIRI 人权数据项目
人权与镇压
The CIRI Human Rights Data Project scores government respect for fifteen internationally recognised human rights in nearly every country, annually from 1981 to 2011. Codings are made from the US State Department and Amnesty International country reports, following a published coding manual designed to keep scores comparable across countries and years.CIRI 人权数据项目对几乎所有国家 1981–2011 年间政府对十五项国际公认人权的尊重程度逐年编码，编码依据美国国务院与大赦国际的国别报告，并遵循公开的编码手册，以保证跨国跨年可比。
Explore →查看 →CIVICUS Monitor — Civic Space Ratings (2018-2025)CIVICUS 监测——公民空间评级（2018–2025）
公民空间
The CIVICUS Monitor rates the state of civic space — the space for freedom of association, expression and peaceful assembly — in around 190 countries and territories. Each country receives one of five ratings: open, narrowed, obstructed, repressed or closed. This export is the 2018-2025 country-year panel (rating as text and as a 1-5 score where 1 = open, 5 = closed).CIVICUS 监测对约 190 个国家和地区的公民空间（结社、言论与和平集会自由）进行评级，分为五种：开放（open）、收窄（narrowed）、受阻（obstructed）、压制（repressed）、封闭（closed）。本导出为 2018–2025 年国家—年面板（评级文本及 1–5 数值，1=开放，5=封闭）。
Explore →查看 →Fariss Latent Human Rights Protection Scores (v4.02)Fariss 潜变量人权保护指数（v4.02）
人权与镇压
The Latent Human Rights Scores measure a country's respect for physical-integrity human rights using a dynamic item-response model over multiple indicators (torture, political imprisonment, extrajudicial killing, disappearance, censorship) from 1946 to 2021. Because the model accounts for the changing standard of accountability, scores are comparable over time: an increase indicates that a country's respect for human rights has improved relative to the evolving global standard.潜变量人权保护指数使用动态项目反应模型，综合酷刑、政治监禁、法外处决、失踪与审查等多类指标，衡量 1946–2021 年各国对人身完整性人权的尊重程度。模型考虑了问责标准的时代变化，因此分数具有跨时间可比性：分数上升代表该国对人权的尊重相对不断演进的全球标准有所改善。
Explore →查看 →Global Database of Gender Quotas (International IDEA)全球性别配额数据库（国际民主与选举援助研究所 IDEA）
性别与政治
The Global Database of Gender Quotas tracks the gender-quota regimes of parliaments worldwide: for each country it records the quota type in the lower (or single) and upper chamber (legislated candidate quotas, reserved seats or voluntary party quotas), the number of seats and of women holding seats, the constitutional / electoral-law basis, legal sanctions for non-compliance, and the electoral system. This registry covers 125 countries in the current snapshot.全球性别配额数据库跟踪各国议会的性别配额制度：每个国家记录下院（或一院制）与上院的配额类型（法定候选人配额、保留席位或自愿政党配额）、议席数与女性议员数、宪法/选举法依据、违规法律制裁及选举制度。本登记表覆盖当前快照中的 125 个国家。
Explore →查看 →IPU Women in National Parliaments (Monthly Ranking)IPU 各国议会女性议员占比月度排名
性别与政治
The IPU monthly ranking lists the percentage of women in the lower (or single) chamber of national parliaments for around 190 countries, together with the upper-chamber share where applicable. This export is the August 2026 snapshot, covering countries ranked by the share of women parliamentarians.IPU 月度排名列出约 190 个国家的议会下院（或一院制议会）女性议员占比及上院占比（如有）。本导出为 2026 年 8 月快照，按女性议员占比排序。
Explore →查看 →Latent Judicial Independence (Linzer & Staton)司法独立潜变量指数（Linzer-Staton）
法治与司法
The Latent Judicial Independence (LJI) index is a country-year latent variable measuring de facto judicial independence in 200+ jurisdictions from 1900 to 2015. It is estimated from 50 de facto indicators (constitutional review, executive constraints, turnover, decisions against the state, etc.) with a dynamic item-response model; higher values indicate more independent courts. The dataset also reports the posterior standard deviation of each estimate.司法独立潜变量指数（LJI）是基于动态项目反应模型、从宪法审查、行政约束、法官更替、政府败诉等 50 余个事实性（de facto）指标估计的国家—年潜变量，覆盖 1900–2015 年 200 余个司法辖区，取值越高代表法院越独立，并附每个估计的后验标准差。
Explore →查看 →Political Terror Scale (PTS, 1976-2025)政治恐怖量表（PTS，1976–2025）
人权与镇压
The Political Terror Scale measures state violence against persons (extrajudicial killings, torture, political imprisonment, disappearance) on a 1-5 scale, coded from annual reports of Amnesty International (pts_amnesty), Human Rights Watch (pts_hrw) and the U.S. State Department (pts_state); higher values indicate more severe state terror. This country-year panel covers 1976-2025.政治恐怖量表（PTS）基于大赦国际（pts_amnesty）、人权观察（pts_hrw）与美国国务院（pts_state）年度报告，按 1–5 级衡量国家对个人的暴力（法外处决、酷刑、政治监禁、失踪），取值越高代表国家恐怖越严重。本面板覆盖 1976–2025 年。
Explore →查看 →V-Dem Civil Liberties IndexV-Dem 公民自由指数
人权与镇压
The V-Dem civil liberties index combines freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of association, freedom of religion, freedom of movement, and property rights, measured yearly per country on a 0-1 scale. Higher values mean stronger protection of civil liberties. This export keeps only the indicator, the country (ISO3) and the year.V-Dem 公民自由指数综合意见表达、结社与集会、宗教自由、行动自由与财产权等维度，按国家—年测量，取值 0–1，越高代表公民自由保护越强。本导出仅保留该指标、国家（ISO3）与年份。
Explore →查看 →V-Dem Civil Society Participation IndexV-Dem 公民社会参与指数
公民空间
The V-Dem civil society participation index (CCSI) measures the extent to which civil society organisations (community groups, trade unions, religious organisations and the like) can freely form, participate and influence public affairs, measured yearly per country on a 0-1 scale. This export keeps only the indicator, the country (ISO3) and the year.V-Dem 公民社会参与指数（CCSI）衡量公民社会组织（社区组织、工会、宗教组织等）能否自由形成、参与并影响公共事务，按国家—年测量，取值 0–1。本导出仅保留该指标、国家（ISO3）与年份。
Explore →查看 →V-Dem Women's Political Empowerment IndexV-Dem 女性政治赋权指数
性别与政治
The V-Dem women's political empowerment index combines women's civil liberties index, women's civil society participation index and women's political participation index (including the share of women in parliament), measured yearly per country on a 0-1 scale. This export keeps only the indicator, the country (ISO3) and the year.V-Dem 女性政治赋权指数综合女性公民自由指数、女性社会参与指数与女性政治参与指数（含女性议员占比），衡量女性在政治生活中的实质赋权，按国家—年测量，取值 0–1。本导出仅保留该指标、国家（ISO3）与年份。
Explore →查看 →World Justice Project Rule of Law Index世界正义工程法治指数 (WJP Rule of Law Index)
法治与司法
The World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index measures rule-of-law performance across 140 countries and jurisdictions through large-scale household and expert surveys. It is the world's leading source for original, independent data on the rule of law.世界正义工程（WJP）法治指数基于对各国普通民众和法律专家的大规模问卷调查，从体验和感知角度衡量全球约140个国家和司法辖区的法治状况，是国际上影响力最大的法治量化评估之一。
Explore →查看 →舆论、传播与社会运动
Public Opinion, Media & Social Movements5 datasetsDigital Society Project (DSP) v8 — Digital Governance Indicators数字社会项目（DSP）v8——数字治理指标
媒体与信息环境
The Digital Society Project (DSP) measures the state of the digital society and internet governance across countries from 2000 onwards, using expert-coded indicators. This dataset keeps four indicators on digital governance and disinformation: government dissemination of false information domestically (v2smgovdom), government monitoring of social media content (v2smgovsmmon), foreign governments' dissemination of false information (v2smfordom), and government internet shutdowns (v2smgovshut). All are ordinal scales rescaled to 0-1, higher = more prevalent.数字社会项目（DSP）通过专家编码指标衡量各国自 2000 年以来的数字社会与网络治理状况。本数据集保留 4 个数字治理与虚假信息相关指标：政府在国内传播虚假信息（v2smgovdom）、政府对社交媒体内容的监控（v2smgovsmmon）、外国政府传播虚假信息（v2smfordom）以及政府关闭互联网（v2smgovshut）。均为 0–1 序数刻度，取值越高代表越普遍。
Explore →查看 →Dynamics of Collective Action (United States, 1960-1995)集体行动动态数据库（美国，1960–1995）
抗议与社会运动
The Dynamics of Collective Action dataset records protest and collective-action events in the United States from 1960 to 1995, coded from daily issues of the New York Times. Each event includes the date, location, initiating groups (who), event type, claims and targets (against), and a headline-style title. This export keeps the core event columns; all events are located in the United States.集体行动动态数据库基于《纽约时报》逐日报道，记录 1960–1995 年美国发生的抗议与集体行动事件。每个事件含日期、地点、发起群体（who）、事件类型、诉求与针对对象（against）及标题。本导出保留核心事件列；全部事件位于美国境内。
Explore →查看 →Mass Mobilization Project (Protests)大规模动员项目（抗议事件）
抗议与社会运动
The Mass Mobilization Project records protests against governments worldwide, 1990–2020, covering 162 countries. Each event captures the protesters' demands, size, whether violence occurred, and how the state responded.大规模动员项目记录了 1990–2020 年全球针对政府的抗议事件，覆盖 162 个国家，包含抗议诉求、规模、是否暴力以及政府回应，是研究社会动荡与政局失稳风险的核心数据。
Explore →查看 →Media Cloud媒体云
媒体议程与跨国舆论
MIT/Harvard open-source media analysis platform. Continuously indexes millions of global news articles for agenda-setting and narrative tracking. API-based access.MIT/哈佛开源媒体分析平台，持续索引全球数百万新闻文章，支持跨国家和语言的媒体议程追踪。可用于监测海外投资相关的跨国舆论和负面叙事扩散风险。API接入方式，无本地数据。
Visit source →访问来源 →NAVCO 1.3 — Nonviolent & Violent Campaigns and OutcomesNAVCO 1.3 — 非暴力与暴力运动及其结果
抗议与社会运动
NAVCO 1.3 is the campaign-level list of the Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes data project. Each row is one maximalist resistance campaign (1899–2019) aimed at overthrowing a government, expelling a foreign occupier, or achieving secession, recording its primary method (nonviolent or violent), stated goal, target regime, the years it ran, and its outcome. It is a primary data source for studying mass mobilization, revolution, and regime-instability risk, and for research comparing the relative success of nonviolent and violent campaigns.NAVCO 1.3 是"非暴力与暴力运动及其结果"数据项目的运动级清单。每一行是一场 1899–2019 年间以推翻政权、驱逐外国占领或实现独立为目标的大规模反抗运动，记录其主要手段（非暴力或暴力）、运动诉求、针对的政权、起止年份与最终结果。它是研究民众动员、革命与政权失稳风险的核心数据，也常用于比较非暴力与暴力运动相对成败的研究。
Explore →查看 →环境、人口与公共政策
Environment, Population & Public Policy7 datasetsEnvironmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas)环境正义地图集
环境与气候政治
The world's largest database of environmental conflict cases. 4,558 conflicts across mining, fossil fuels, dams, waste, and industrial pollution globally. Maps community-level opposition and social movement resistance.全球最大的环境冲突案例数据库，收录4558起涉及采矿、化石能源、水坝、垃圾和工业污染的冲突案例。可用于识别海外项目在东道国可能面临的环境抗争和社会运动风险。
Explore →查看 →IMPIC — Immigration Policies in Comparison (1980-2018)IMPIC 移民政策比较数据库（1980–2018）
人口与移民
IMPIC (Immigration Policies in Comparison) measures de jure immigration policies of 35 OECD countries from 1980 to 2018 across five policy dimensions (control, eligibility, conditions, security and rights), coded from official legislation and international agreements. This export keeps the overall immigration policy index (immpol, higher = more restrictive) and the overall control dimension (cont).IMPIC（移民政策比较数据库）基于各国立法与国际协定，从控制、资格、条件、保障与权利五个维度衡量 35 个 OECD 国家 1980–2018 年的移民政策（法理口径）。本导出保留总体移民政策指数（immpol，越高代表越严格）与总体控制维度（cont）。
Explore →查看 →ND-GAIN Country IndexND-GAIN 国家气候脆弱性与适应力指数
环境与气候政治
The ND-GAIN Country Index measures the climate vulnerability and readiness of 180+ countries from 1995 onwards. The gain score combines a vulnerability component (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity across six life-supporting sectors) and a readiness component (economic, governance and social readiness). Higher scores mean a country is less vulnerable and better prepared to leverage adaptation investment.ND-GAIN 国家指数衡量 180 多个国家自 1995 年以来的气候脆弱性与适应准备度。gain 综合得分由脆弱性分项（六个民生支撑部门的暴露度、敏感度与适应能力）和准备度分项（经济、治理与社会准备度）构成，得分越高代表该国越不脆弱、越具备利用适应投资的条件。
Explore →查看 →OECD Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) IndexOECD 环境政策严格度（EPS）指数
环境与气候政治
The OECD Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index measures the degree to which environmental policies price, regulate or otherwise discourage pollution and environmentally harmful behaviour. This complete country-year panel covers 40 countries from 1990 to 2020 on a 0–6 scale and includes the overall EPS index, three sub-indices and all 13 policy instruments.OECD 环境政策严格度（EPS）指数衡量环境政策通过定价、规制或其他方式约束污染及环境有害行为的程度。本完整国家—年份面板覆盖 40 个国家的 1990—2020 年数据，取值为 0–6，包含总体 EPS 指数、三个分指数及全部 13 项政策工具。
Explore →查看 →UN DESA International Migrant Stock (Destination × Origin, 1990-2024)UN DESA 国际移民存量（目的地×来源地，1990–2024）
人口与移民
The UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 (destination and origin) provides the bilateral migrant stock between countries of origin and destination at five-year intervals from 1990 to 2024, by sex. Each row is an origin-destination-year triple with the total, female and male migrant stocks.UN DESA《2024 年国际移民存量（目的地×来源地）》提供 1990–2024 年每五年一次、按性别划分的双边移民存量。每一行是一个来源国—目的国—年份组合，包含总存量、女性与男性存量。
Explore →查看 →World Bank Global Bilateral Migration (1960-2000)世界银行全球双边移民数据库（1960–2000）
人口与移民
The World Bank Global Bilateral Migration Database provides bilateral migrant stocks between countries of origin and destination for the years 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000, by gender (female, male, total). Each row is an origin-destination-year triple; self-pairs (origin = destination) are excluded.世界银行全球双边移民数据库提供 1960、1970、1980、1990、2000 年各国来源—目的地的双边移民存量（分女性、男性与总计）。每一行是一个来源国—目的国—年份组合；已剔除国内配对（来源=目的地）。
Explore →查看 →Environmental Performance Index (EPI)环境绩效指数
环境与气候政治
The Environmental Performance Index ranks 180 countries on environmental health and ecosystem vitality. Higher scores = better environmental governance performance.耶鲁大学环境绩效指数对180个国家的环境健康和生态系统活力进行评分排名。可用于评估东道国环境监管严格程度和NGO施压风险。
Explore →查看 →