COW Diplomatic ExchangeCOW 外交往来数据

The Correlates of War Diplomatic Exchange dataset records the level of diplomatic representation between pairs of states from 1817 to 2005, at five-year intervals. The DE indicator captures whether and at what level two states exchanged diplomats (charge d'affaires, minister, ambassador).

It is a standard measure of bilateral diplomatic ties and geopolitical alignment / rupture.

COW 外交往来数据记录了 1817–2005 年间各国两两之间的外交代表级别（代办、公使、大使），每五年一个观测，是衡量双边外交关系与地缘政治亲疏/断裂的标准指标。