Maddison Project Database 2023麦迪逊项目数据库 2023

The Maddison Project Database provides the longest-run comparable estimates of GDP per capita and population across countries, assembled from national accounts, historical statistics and archival research. The 2023 release covers 169 countries; coverage is thin before 1800 and near-complete from 1950 onward.

GDP per capita is expressed in 2011 international dollars (multiple benchmark, PPP-converted), which makes levels comparable both across countries and over time. Population is in thousands. It is the standard reference for long-run comparative development and for anchoring political-economy arguments about growth, divergence and state capacity over centuries.

Only country-years with at least one non-missing observation are hosted here; no values are interpolated or extrapolated.

麦迪逊项目数据库提供时间跨度最长的跨国可比人均 GDP 与人口估计，数据来自国民账户、历史统计和档案研究。2023 版覆盖 169 个国家；1800 年以前覆盖稀疏，1950 年以后基本完整。

人均 GDP 以 2011 年国际元表示（多基准年、按购买力平价折算），因此在国家之间和时间上都可比；人口单位为千人。该库是长期比较发展研究的标准参照，也常用于支撑关于增长、大分流与国家能力的长时段政治经济学论证。

此处只托管至少有一个非缺失观测的国家-年，缺失值不做任何插值或外推。