National Elections Across Democracy and Autocracy (NELDA)民主与威权下的全国选举数据集 (NELDA)

NELDA records 2,974 national-level elections across 161 countries from 1945 to 2011, covering legislative, executive, and constituent assembly elections across all regime types. Each election is coded on 58 binary indicators capturing whether the opposition was allowed, whether multiple parties competed, whether violence occurred, whether fraud was alleged, and whether international observers were present.

It is a widely used dataset for studying electoral integrity, democratic quality, and political-risk assessment in comparative politics.

NELDA 记录了 1945–2011 年全球 161 个国家的 2,974 场全国性选举，涵盖立法、行政和制宪会议选举，覆盖所有政体类型。每场选举以 58 个二元指标编码，包括是否允许反对派参选、是否为多党选举、是否发生暴力、是否有舞弊指控、是否有国际观察员在场。

该数据集广泛用于选举诚信、民主质量与政治风险评估研究，是比较政治学领域的重要数据源。