Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions (TIES) 4.1经济制裁威胁与实施数据集（TIES 4.1）

The Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions (TIES) dataset records sanctions cases from 1945 to 2005, distinguishing between threats to impose sanctions and actual sanction imposition. The original file is case-level: each case has one target state but may include multiple sender states or an international institution.

This hosted version expands each case into sender-target dyadic rows. It preserves country and institutional senders, the EEC/EU collective actor code, threat and imposition indicators, issue categories, sanction types, cost assessments, and final outcomes. The network weight uses a simple stage score: 1 for threat-only cases and 2 for imposed sanctions.

TIES（经济制裁威胁与实施数据集）记录了 1945-2005 年间的经济制裁案例，并区分“威胁施加制裁”与“实际实施制裁”两个阶段。原始文件以案例为单位：每个案例只有一个目标国，但可能包含多个发起国，也可能由国际机构推动。

本清洗版本将每个案例展开为 sender-target 双边观测，保留国家与国际机构发起方、EEC/EU 集体行动者编码、威胁与实施指标、议题类别、制裁类型、成本评估和最终结果。网络权重采用简明阶段分值：仅威胁为 1，实际实施制裁为 2。