V-Party (V-Dem) Party-Level Dataset v2V-Party 政党数据集（V-Party, V-Dem）

V-Party is the party-level dataset produced by the V-Dem (Varieties of Democracy) Institute. Built on V-Dem's expert-coding infrastructure, it measures the organizational characteristics, ideological positions and commitment to democratic norms of political parties worldwide. Each row is one (party, year) evaluation. Core indicators include the Populism Index (v2xpa_popul, 0-1, built from anti-elite rhetoric and people-centrism), the Anti-Pluralism Index (v2xpa_antiplural, 0-1, built from commitment to pluralism, minority rights, treatment of opposition and rejection of political violence), demonization of opponents, economic and social issue positions, and exclusionary / nationalist orientations.

Coverage spans roughly 178 countries with elections reaching back to the early twentieth century, providing long-running, cross-nationally comparable panel data on parties.

V-Party 是 V-Dem（Varieties of Democracy）研究所发布的政党层面数据集。它在 V-Dem 庞大的专家评分体系基础上，专门测量各国政党的组织特征、意识形态立场与对民主规范的态度，特别关注民粹主义与去民主化倾向。每一行是一个（政党 × 年份）的评估。核心指标包括民粹主义程度（v2xpa_popul，0-1，由反精英言论与人民中心主义构建）、反多元主义（v2xpa_antiplural，0-1，由政治多元主义、少数群体权利、对反对派态度及拒绝政治暴力等指标构建）、对反对派的妖魔化、经济与社会议题立场，以及排外／民族主义取向等多组专家评分。

数据覆盖全球众多国家的主要政党，时间跨度可回溯至约二十世纪初的历次选举，提供长时段、跨国可比的面板数据。