Climate Negotiation Dyadic Relations气候谈判双边关系
45,012 statements · 1995–2024 · 74 UNFCCC conferences45,012 条陈述 · 1995–2024 · 74 场 UNFCCC 会议
Xun Pang庞珣
Professor教授
School of International Studies, Peking University北京大学国际关系学院
Director, PKU Analytics Lab for Global Risk Politics北京大学风险政治分析实验室主任
Research focuses on causal inference, Bayesian statistics, longitudinal data modeling, and AI–social science interdisciplinary innovation. Associate Editor of Political Analysis.
研究聚焦于因果推断、贝叶斯统计、 纵向数据建模，以及人工智能–社会科学交叉创新。Political Analysis 副主编。
Collaborators合作者
Other databases其他数据库
Overview概览
A dyadic record of cooperation and conflict in international climate negotiations. A large language model was applied to 74 years of Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB) conference reports, extracting 45,012 directed bilateral statements among 401 nations and negotiating blocs (1995–2024). Each statement is coded as one of five relations (speaking on behalf, support, agreement, delay, opposition) and tagged with one of 38 negotiation topics. Raw passages from ENB are preserved alongside each coded relation, supporting both quantitative network analysis and close reading.
一份记录国际气候谈判中合作与冲突的双边数据集。 我们将一个大语言模型应用于 74 年的 Earth Negotiations Bulletin（ENB） 会议报告，从 1995–2024 年间 401 个国家与谈判集团之间 提取出 45,012 条有向双边陈述。 每条陈述被编码为五种关系之一（代为发言、支持、同意、 拖延、反对），并标注 38 个谈判议题之一。 ENB 的原始段落与每条编码关系一并保留， 既支持定量网络分析，也支持细读。
Explore the dataset across four dimensions: (1) bilateral country dyads, (2) negotiation topics, (3) per-conference snapshots, and (4) the full quote corpus.
从四个维度探索本数据集：(1) 双边国家关系， (2) 谈判议题，(3) 各场会议快照，以及 (4) 完整引文语料库。
At a Glance概览一览
Yearly cooperation/conflict balance, most-active speakers, and topic distribution — drill deeper in the tabs above.逐年合作/冲突态势、最活跃的发言者，以及议题分布——可在上方标签页中深入查看。
Cooperation vs Conflict Over Time合作与冲突随时间变化
Annual statement counts — green = cooperation, red = conflict逐年陈述数量——绿色 = 合作，红色 = 冲突
Most-Active Speakers & Targets最活跃的发言者与对象
Top 12 countries / blocs by total mentions (purple = bloc)按提及总数排名前 12 的国家/集团（紫色 = 集团）
Negotiation Topics谈判议题
Top 20 topics, sized by statement count前 20 个议题，面积按陈述数量缩放
Related Research & Sources相关研究与数据来源
Selected work on UNFCCC negotiation dynamics + LLM-based political-text annotation, plus the institutional sources关于 UNFCCC 谈判动态及基于大语言模型的政治文本标注的精选研究，以及相关机构来源
Participation, Cooperation and Conflict in UN Climate Negotiations
Castro, P., Kristof, A., Kammerer, M., & Cogne, F.
Scientific Data (Nature), 2025 — closest precedent: an automated-coding dataset built from ENB transcripts (1995–2023) with hand-coded validation.
Dynamic networks of negotiation for international climate change cooperation
Authors via Environmental Sociology (Taylor & Francis)
Environmental Sociology, 2025 — extracts country co-mentions from COP high-level segment speeches to map dynamic negotiation networks.
Coalitions in the Climate Change Negotiations
Klöck, C., Castro, P., Weiler, F., & Blaxekjær, L. Ø. (eds.)
Routledge, 2020 — foundational edited volume on coalition dynamics at the UNFCCC.
The evolution of climate justice claims in global climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC
Lefstad, L., et al.
Critical Policy Studies, 2023 — critical discourse analysis of ENB COP reports across COP15/19/21/24.
Large language models as a substitute for human experts in annotating political text
Heseltine, M., & Clemm von Hohenberg, B.
Research & Politics (Sage), 2024 — methodological foundation for LLM-based annotation of political text used here.
Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB)
International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
Primary source corpus — authoritative daily reporting from UN environment & sustainable-development negotiations since 1992.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Treaty body & Conference of the Parties (COP)
Institutional context for the negotiations covered (1995 New York meeting through COP29 / Bonn 2024).